Abstract
In the standard reference equation of state for the thermodynamic properties of water, known as IAPWS-95, the fourth virial coefficient D(T) becomes abnormally large in magnitude at temperatures below approximately 300 K. At conditions where a virial expansion using only second and third virial coefficients should be essentially exact (such as vapors at pressures near 100 Pa or 1000 Pa), such a truncated expansion may miss on the order of 2 % of the deviation from ideal-gas behavior in the compressibility factor or the fugacity. The term in IAPWS-95 that causes this issue is identified, and suggestions are made for future equation-of-state development.
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References
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Acknowledgements
The author thanks Dr. Ian Bell of NIST for several helpful suggestions.
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Harvey, A.H. Anomaly in the Virial Expansion of IAPWS-95 at Low Temperatures. Int J Thermophys 40, 98 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-019-2566-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-019-2566-5