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Epidemiological survey and genetic evolution of H3N2 subtype influenza viruses from stray dogs in Shanghai, China

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Abstract

An avian-origin canine influenza virus (CIV) has recently emerged in dogs and is spreading in China. Given that humans have frequent contact with dogs, this has prompted an increased emphasis on biosafety. In this study, we collected 693 nasal swab samples and 800 blood samples from stray dogs in animal shelters to survey canine influenza epidemiology and characterize the evolution of CIV H3N2 in Shanghai. We tested samples for canine influenza antibodies and canine influenza RNA in January–May, 2019, and the results showed that the positive rate was 17.62% by ELISA, 15.75% by microneutralization (MN) assay, and 18.51% by real time RT-PCR, respectively. We also performed phylogenetic and genomic analysis on six H3N2 CIV isolates. The H3N2 viruses which prevailed in Shanghai originated from Beijing and Jiangsu isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences of CIV isolates have multiple amino acid antigenic drifts, deletions, and substitutions. The time of the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) of HA and NA was 2004 and 2005, respectively. Notably, the substitution, 146S, in hemagglutinin and the deletion in the neuraminidase (NA) stalk region we found in this study warrant attention because they have frequently been identified in human influenza viruses. The potential adaptation of this CIV H3N2 clade to mammals and its public health threat should be further evaluated.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from Shanghai Agricultural Applied Technology Development Program, China (Grant NO. G20190303) and Shanghai Outstanding Agricultural Academic Leaders Plan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, 201103, People’s Republic of China

    Hai-Xiao Shen, Fei-Fei Ge, Xin Li, Jian Liu, Hou-Bing Ju, De-Quan Yang, Xian-Chao Yang, Jian Wang & Hong-Jin Zhao

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  1. Hai-Xiao Shen
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  2. Fei-Fei Ge
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  3. Xin Li
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  4. Jian Liu
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  8. Jian Wang
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  9. Hong-Jin Zhao
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Contributions

HJZ and JW conceived and designed the study. HXS, FFG, HBJ, DQY, JL, XCY, and XL performed the experiments. HXS and FFG analyzed the data. HXS and FFG wrote the manuscript, and all authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jian Wang or Hong-Jin Zhao.

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All individual participants approve to submit and declare no conflict of interests.

Ethics approval

This study was conducted according to animal welfare guidelines of the World Organization for Animal Health and approved by Shanghai Municipal Commission of Agriculture (Permit number: 2013 [19]).

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Edited by William Dundon.

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Shen, HX., Ge, FF., Li, X. et al. Epidemiological survey and genetic evolution of H3N2 subtype influenza viruses from stray dogs in Shanghai, China. Virus Genes 56, 329–338 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-020-01748-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-020-01748-2

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