Skip to main content
Log in

Individual Differences in Learning Rate and Fear Response Predict Fear Memory and Recovery in Mice and Human Subjects

  • Letter to the Editor
  • Published:
Neuroscience Bulletin Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

References

  1. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005, 62: 617–627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Foa EB. Psychosocial therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2006, 67 Suppl 2: 40–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Yehuda R, LeDoux J. Response variation following trauma: a translational neuroscience approach to understanding PTSD. Neuron 2007, 56: 19–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. LeDoux J. The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life. Simon & Schuster, 1996.

  5. Myers KM, Davis M. Behavioral and neural analysis of extinction. Neuron 2002, 36: 567–584.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Han SL, Xu TL. Unraveling the mechanisms of memory extinction. Neurosci Bull 2018, 34: 385–388.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Guo YC, Yuan T, Guo BY. The secret of fear memory attenuation: facing fears. Neurosci Bull 2019, 35: 775–777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Blanchard EB, Hickling EJ, Malta LS, Jaccard J, Devineni T, Veazey CH, et al. Prediction of response to psychological treatment among motor vehicle accident survivors with PTSD. Behav Therapy 2003, 34: 351–363.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bryant RA, Felmingham K, Kemp A, Das P, Hughes G, Peduto A, et al. Amygdala and ventral anterior cingulate activation predicts treatment response to cognitive behaviour therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med 2008, 38: 555–561.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rauch SL, Shin LM, Phelps EA. Neurocircuitry models of posttraumatic stress disorder and extinction: human neuroimaging research[mdash]past, present, and future. Biol Psychiatry 2006, 60: 376–382.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Phelps EA, Delgado MR, Nearing KI, LeDoux JE. Extinction learning in humans: role of the amygdala and vmPFC. Neuron 2004, 43: 897–905.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Peters J, Dieppa-Perea LM, Melendez LM, Quirk GJ. Induction of fear extinction with hippocampal-infralimbic BDNF. Science 2010, 328: 1288–1290.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bush DE, Sotres-Bayon F, LeDoux JE. Individual differences in fear: isolating fear reactivity and fear recovery phenotypes. J Trauma Stress 2007, 20: 413–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gershman SJ, Hartley CA. Individual differences in learning predict the return of fear. Learn Behav 2015, 43: 243–250.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Rescorla RA, Wagner AR. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In: Black AH & Prokasy WF (eds.). Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972: 64–99.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hebb DO. The Organization of Behavior. New York: Wiley & Sons, 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cooper RP, Cook R, Dickinson A, Heyes CM. Associative (not Hebbian) learning and the mirror neuron system. Neurosci Lett 2013, 540: 28–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hartley CA, McKenna MC, Salman R, Holmes A, Casey BJ, Phelps EA, et al. Serotonin transporter polyadenylation polymorphism modulates the retention of fear extinction memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012, 109: 5493–5498.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. McNally GP, Johansen JP, Blair HT. Placing prediction into the fear circuit. Trends Neurosci 2011, 34: 283–292.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Johansen JP, Tarpley JW, LeDoux JE, Blair HT. Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in the amygdala and periaqueductal gray. Nat Neurosci 2010, 13: 979–986.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Yu K, Ahrens S, Zhang X, Schiff H, Ramakrishnan C, Fenno L, et al. The central amygdala controls learning in the lateral amygdala. Nat Neurosci 2017, 20: 1680–1685.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Johansen JP, Diaz-Mataix L, Hamanaka H, Ozawa T, Ycu E, Koivumaa J, et al. Hebbian and neuromodulatory mechanisms interact to trigger associative memory formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014, 111: E5584–5592.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Johansen JP, Hamanaka H, Monfils MH, Behnia R, Deisseroth K, Blair HT, et al. Optical activation of lateral amygdala pyramidal cells instructs associative fear learning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010, 107: 12692–12697.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970942 and 81573408), a Fudan University-Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Science joint grant (FU-SIMM20174015), a Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2018SHZDZX01) and ZJLab, and a Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai grant (16ZR1403200). We sincerely thank Dr. Catherine Hartley (Sakler Institute for Developmental Psychology, Weill Cornell Medical College, NY) and Dr. Elizabeth Phelps (Department of Psychology, New York University, NY) for the courteous gesture of providing us with the human datasets and instructing us on the calculation of differential SCR.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nashat Abumaria.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this work.

Electronic supplementary material

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gao, Y., Li, W., Sui, B. et al. Individual Differences in Learning Rate and Fear Response Predict Fear Memory and Recovery in Mice and Human Subjects. Neurosci. Bull. 36, 815–820 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-020-00470-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12264-020-00470-1

Navigation