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Revealing eukaryotic histone-modifying mechanisms through bacterial infection

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Abstract

In the long co-evolution of host-pathogen interaction, bacteria have developed sophisticated strategies to manipulate host cell mechanisms and reprogram host transcription. Targeting chromatin, mainly through post-translational modification (PTM) of histone proteins, is one strategy that has been revealed over the last decade. Indeed, histone modifications play a crucial role in regulating transcription during cell type and stimulus specific responses, making them good targets during infection. Therefore, the study of host-pathogen interactions provides breakthroughs in understanding virulence mechanisms, but also in host cell mechanisms. Although chromatin is regulated by DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and post-translational modifications of histones, most studies have concentrated on bacteria-induced histone modifications, which will be the focus of this review. We will discuss the different mechanisms used by bacteria to induce histone PTMs, whether it is through direct targeting of pathogen effector enzymes, or indirectly through modulation of cellular signaling cascade. We will summarize the concepts we learned in cell biology from exploring bacteria-triggered histone modifications, by focusing on the signaling cascades modified by bacteria, bacterial mimics of eukaryotic enzymes, and the novel histone marks imposed upon infection.

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Acknowledgments

We apologize to any colleagues whose work was not included in this review due to space limitations. We thank Michael Connor for critical reading of the manuscript.

Funding

Work in the Chromatin and Infection Group is supported by the Pasteur Institute and the Agence National de la Recherche (ANR-EpiBActIn). Wenyang Dong is part of the Pasteur - Paris University (PPU) International PhD Program, a project which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 665807. Wenyang Dong is supported by the EUR G.E.N.E. (reference #ANR-17-EURE-0013) and is part of the Université de Paris IdEx #ANR-18-IDEX-0001 funded by the French Government through its “Investments for the Future” program.

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  1. G5 Chromatine et Infection, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France

    Wenyang Dong & Melanie Anne Hamon

  2. Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France

    Wenyang Dong

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  1. Wenyang Dong
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  2. Melanie Anne Hamon
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Correspondence to Melanie Anne Hamon.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on Infection-induced epigenetic changes and the pathogenesis of diseases - Guest Editor: Nicole Fischer

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Dong, W., Hamon, M.A. Revealing eukaryotic histone-modifying mechanisms through bacterial infection. Semin Immunopathol 42, 201–213 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-019-00778-9

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