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Small Molecules with Big Impacts on Cardiovascular Diseases

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Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although in recent years there has been a significant progress in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CVD, but due to their complex pathobiology, developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions are still in need. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a fraction of non-coding RNAs that act as micro-regulators of gene expression. Mounting evidences over the last decade confirmed that microRNAs were deregulated in several CVDs and manipulating their expression could affect homeostasis, differentiation, and function of cardiovascular system. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning the roles of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases with more details on cardiac remodeling, arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis. In addition, we discuss the latest findings on the potential therapeutic applications of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.

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Abbreviations

ABCA1:

ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1

ABCG1:

ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 1

APOA1:

Apolipoprotein A1

APOE:

Apolipoprotein E

BCL-2:

Targeting B-cell lymphoma 2

CACNA1C:

Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C

CACNB1:

Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Auxiliary Subunit Beta 1

CVDs:

Cardiovascular diseases

ERK/MAP:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein

EZH2:

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2

GJA1:

Gap junction protein alpha 1

HDAC4:

Histone deacetylase 4

HDL-C:

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol

HIF-1:

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1

IK1:

Inward rectifier current

KCNJ2:

Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel Subfamily J Member 2

KCNN3:

Potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3

KIR2.1:

K+ channel subunit inward-rectifier potassium channel

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol C

LDLR:

Low-density lipoprotein receptor

LNA:

Locked nucleic acid

miRNAs:

MicroRNAs:

ncRNAs:

Non-coding RNAs

NPC1:

Niemann-Pick C1

PCSK9:

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9

PDCD4:

Programmed cell death 4

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog protein

RCT:

Reverse cholesterol transport

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

SIRT1:

Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

SREBP-1:

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and 1 genes

SREBP-2:

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and 1 genes

TGFβ:

Transforming growth factor beta

THRAP1:

Thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 1

VSMC:

Vascular smooth muscle cell

β-MHC:

β-Myosin heavy chain

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by a research grant awarded to Dr. Mahshid Malakootian from the National Institute for Medical Research Development (Grant No. 943104) and the Council for Stem Cell Sciences and Technologies.

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  1. Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Mirzadeh Azad

  2. Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maedeh Arabian, Majid Maleki & Mahshid Malakootian

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Mirzadeh Azad, F., Arabian, M., Maleki, M. et al. Small Molecules with Big Impacts on Cardiovascular Diseases. Biochem Genet 58, 359–383 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-020-09948-z

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