Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although in recent years there has been a significant progress in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CVD, but due to their complex pathobiology, developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions are still in need. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a fraction of non-coding RNAs that act as micro-regulators of gene expression. Mounting evidences over the last decade confirmed that microRNAs were deregulated in several CVDs and manipulating their expression could affect homeostasis, differentiation, and function of cardiovascular system. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning the roles of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases with more details on cardiac remodeling, arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis. In addition, we discuss the latest findings on the potential therapeutic applications of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.
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Abbreviations
- ABCA1:
-
ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1
- ABCG1:
-
ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily G Member 1
- APOA1:
-
Apolipoprotein A1
- APOE:
-
Apolipoprotein E
- BCL-2:
-
Targeting B-cell lymphoma 2
- CACNA1C:
-
Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C
- CACNB1:
-
Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Auxiliary Subunit Beta 1
- CVDs:
-
Cardiovascular diseases
- ERK/MAP:
-
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein
- EZH2:
-
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2
- GJA1:
-
Gap junction protein alpha 1
- HDAC4:
-
Histone deacetylase 4
- HDL-C:
-
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HIF-1:
-
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1
- IK1:
-
Inward rectifier current
- KCNJ2:
-
Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel Subfamily J Member 2
- KCNN3:
-
Potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 3
- KIR2.1:
-
K+ channel subunit inward-rectifier potassium channel
- LDL-C:
-
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol C
- LDLR:
-
Low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LNA:
-
Locked nucleic acid
- miRNAs:
-
MicroRNAs:
- ncRNAs:
-
Non-coding RNAs
- NPC1:
-
Niemann-Pick C1
- PCSK9:
-
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
- PDCD4:
-
Programmed cell death 4
- PTEN:
-
Phosphatase and tensin homolog protein
- RCT:
-
Reverse cholesterol transport
- RISC:
-
RNA-induced silencing complex
- SIRT1:
-
Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1
- SREBP-1:
-
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and 1 genes
- SREBP-2:
-
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 and 1 genes
- TGFβ:
-
Transforming growth factor beta
- THRAP1:
-
Thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 1
- VSMC:
-
Vascular smooth muscle cell
- β-MHC:
-
β-Myosin heavy chain
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported in part by a research grant awarded to Dr. Mahshid Malakootian from the National Institute for Medical Research Development (Grant No. 943104) and the Council for Stem Cell Sciences and Technologies.
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Mirzadeh Azad, F., Arabian, M., Maleki, M. et al. Small Molecules with Big Impacts on Cardiovascular Diseases. Biochem Genet 58, 359–383 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-020-09948-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-020-09948-z