Abstract
Metallomics is a rapidly evolving field of bio-metal research that integrates techniques and perspectives from other “-omics” sciences (e.g. genomics, proteomics) and from research vocations further afield. Perhaps the most esoteric of this latter category has been the recent coupling of biomedicine with element and isotope geochemistry, commonly referred to as isotope metallomics. Over the course of less than two decades, isotope metallomics has produced numerous benchmark studies highlighting the use of stable metal isotope distribution in developing disease diagnostics—e.g. cancer, neurodegeneration, osteoporosis—as well as their utility in deciphering the underlying mechanisms of such diseases. These pioneering works indicate an enormous wealth of potential and provide a call to action for researchers to combine and leverage expertise and resources to create a clear and meaningful path forward. Doing so with efficacy and impact will require not only building on existing research, but also broadening collaborative networks, bolstering and deepening cross-disciplinary channels, and establishing unified and realizable objectives. The aim of this review is to briefly summarize the field and its underpinnings, provide a directory of the state of the art, outline the most encouraging paths forward, including their limitations, outlook and speculative upcoming breakthroughs, and finally to offer a vision of how to cultivate isotope metallomics for an impactful future.
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Abbreviations
- Aβ:
-
Amyloid beta
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
- ALS:
-
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- Caco-2:
-
Heterogeneous human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line
- DXA:
-
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- FPN:
-
Ferroportin
- GIEC:
-
Gravity-driven ion exchange chromatography
- HCC:
-
Hepatocellular carcinoma
- IEC:
-
Ion exchange chromatography
- ICP-MS:
-
Inductively coupled mass spectrometry
- HepG2:
-
Human liver cells from hepatocellular carcinoma patient
- HPIC:
-
High-performance ion chromatography
- LA-ICP-MS:
-
Laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry
- LA-MC-ICP-MS:
-
Laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled mass spectrometry
- MC-ICP-MS:
-
Multi-collector inductively coupled mass spectrometry
- MT:
-
Metallothionein
- PFA:
-
Poly-fluoralkyl
- PIEC:
-
Pressure-assisted ion exchange chromatography
- PP:
-
Polypropylene
- Q-ICP-MS:
-
Quadrupole inductively coupled mass spectrometry
- SGIEC:
-
Sequential gravity-driven ion exchange chromatography
- SVIEC:
-
Sequential vacuum-assisted ion exchange chromatography
- SIMS:
-
Secondary ion mass spectrometry
- SOD1:
-
Superoxide dismutase (form 1)
- TIMS:
-
Thermal ionization mass spectrometry
- VIEC:
-
Vacuum-assisted ion exchange chromatography
- WD:
-
Wilson’s disease
- XRF:
-
X-ray fluorescence
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Olivier Alard for his expert feedback regarding LA-MC-ICP-MS techniques. We would also like to thank our two anonymous reviewers, whose comments greatly benefited the manuscript. This research was supported by Macquarie University Deputy Vice Chancellor of Research (DVCR) discretionary funding.
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BM, RC, and ST conceptualized manuscript content. BM wrote the manuscript. RC, DP, FM, and ST assisted in revision and editing.
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Mahan, B., Chung, R.S., Pountney, D.L. et al. Isotope metallomics approaches for medical research. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 77, 3293–3309 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03484-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03484-0