Predictions on the modes of decay of odd superheavy isotopes within the range
Introduction
One of the major challenges in experimental and theoretical nuclear physics is to determine what combinations of neutrons and protons can build up stable nucleus. Advances in making new elements are currently being made at laboratories like GSI Darmstadt, RIKEN Japan and JINR-FLNR Dubna. The synthesis of superheavy nuclei (SHN) has received much attention in the past few decades with the advent of modern accelerators and detectors. The existence of SHN is first suggested through the idea of magic island or island of stability [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]]. The fusion evaporation approaches, namely, the hot fusion reaction [8] and the cold fusion reaction[[9], [10], [11]] are mainly used for the synthesis of SHN.
One of the main tools for studying SHN is to observe their decay modes. So decay studies have achieved greater importance in the field of SHN. The dominant decay modes of SHN are the decay and the spontaneous fission (SF). Various theoretical approaches have been used to study the properties of alpha decay [[12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]] as well as spontaneous fission [[21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26]] in superheavy region.
Very recently we have systematically calculated the decay modes of even superheavy isotopes within the range [27] by comparing the decay half-lives with the SF half-lives. The Coulomb and proximity potential model for deformed nuclei (CPPMDN) [28] and the shell-effect-dependent formula of Santhosh et al. [29] are used to calculate the half-lives and SF half-lives, respectively. For the completeness of the research, in the present paper we report the predictions on the modes of decay of odd superheavy isotopes within the range . The methods and formalisms used in the present paper are same as that of the previous one [27]. Through these two vast studies, we have predicted the modes of decay of all the predicted superheavy elements within the range .
The paper is organized as follows. Section 2 explains theCPPMDN and the shell-effect-dependent formula of Santhosh et al. Section 3 deals with the theoretical methods adopted and the method of calculation. Section 4 gives the summary of the entire work.
Section snippets
The Coulomb and proximity potential model for deformed nuclei (CPPMDN)
In CPPMDN the interacting potential between two nuclei is taken as the sum of deformed Coulomb potential, deformed two term proximity potential and centrifugal potential, for both the touching configuration and for the separated fragments.
The interacting potential barrier for two spherical nuclei is given by,
Here and are the atomic numbers of the daughter and emitted cluster, ‘r’ is the distance between fragment centers, ‘z’ is the
Details of calculation
The half-lives and decay modes of 1051 odd superheavy isotopes within the range , and their daughter nuclei are calculated. The proton and neutron separation energies are evaluated for identifying the nuclei, which may decay through proton and neutron emission. Alpha decay and SF half-lives are calculated for predicting the mode of decay of all the remaining isotopes.
Conclusions
We have predicted the alpha decay half-lives and spontaneous fission half-lives of 1051 odd superheavy nuclei within the range . The decay modes are predicted by comparing the alpha decay half-lives calculated using CPPMDN with the spontaneous fission half-lives with the shell-effect-dependent formula of Santhosh et al. Alpha decay half-lives are also calculated using various theoretical models like CPPM, VSS, UNIV, analytical formula of Royer, and UDL. Proton and neutron separation
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