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Non-target toxicity of nine agrochemicals toward larvae and adults of two generalist predators active in peach orchards

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Abstract

Chrysoperla externa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata are important biological control agents in peach orchards. However, orchard management with these predatory insects is viable only by using selective agrochemicals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of nine agrochemicals used in peach orchards in larval and adult stages of the C. externa and C. quadrifasciata in laboratory conditions. The bioassays followed the methodologies proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Larvae and adults of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata were exposed to the dry residues of these products. Lethal and sublethal effects were evaluated in bioassays with the larval and adult stages of both predators. The agrochemicals were classified according to the IOBC guidelines. The insecticide chlorantraniliprole was harmless (class 1) to the larval stage of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata. Azadirachtin, copper 25% + calcium 10%, and deltamethrin were harmless to the adult stage of both insect species. The organophosphates fenitrothion and malathion were harmful (class 4) to both species in the larval and adult stages and should not be used in peach orchards. Therefore, this study demonstrates the importance of toxicity and the lethal and sublethal effects of these agrochemicals to better determine their compatibility with IPM in peach production.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) – Financial code 001.

Author contributions

FSA, ADG and DEN conceived research. FSA, MR and RAP kept insects rearing. FSA, MR, RAP and JBP conducted experiments. FSA analyzed data. FSA, MR and RAP wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Postal Code 354, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96010-900, Brazil

    Franciele Silva De Armas, Anderson Dionei Grutzmacher, Matheus Rakes & Juliano de Bastos Pazini

  2. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Embrapa Clima Temperado (Temperate Climate Embrapa), Postal code 403, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, 96001-970, Brazil

    Dori Edson Nava

  3. Centro de Ensino Superior Riograndense, Postal Code 99560-000, Sarandi, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

    Rafael Antonio Pasini

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  1. Franciele Silva De Armas
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Correspondence to Franciele Silva De Armas.

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De Armas, F.S., Dionei Grutzmacher, A., Edson Nava, D. et al. Non-target toxicity of nine agrochemicals toward larvae and adults of two generalist predators active in peach orchards. Ecotoxicology 29, 327–339 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02177-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02177-5

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