Elsevier

Intermetallics

Volume 120, May 2020, 106740
Intermetallics

Identification and critical phenomenon studies of polymorphic phases in binary intermetallic compound DyIr3

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2020.106740Get rights and content

Highlights

  • Synthesis of intermetallic compound DyIr3 with coexisting polymorphic structure.

  • It exhibits spin-glass behaviour below its ferromagnetic phase transition.

  • Critical exponent values confirm that DyIr3 lies in tricritical mean-field class.

  • Magnetic universal class of DyIr3 has been verified from the magnetocaloric study.

Abstract

The rare-earth and transition-metal based polycrystalline, binary compound DyIr3 has been synthesized successfully and is found to form as a macroscopic coexistence of AuBe5 and AuCu3-type polymorphic structures. The analysis of dc magnetization and specific heat data reveals that among the two polymorphic phases, the AuBe5-type phase exhibits ferromagnetic ground state below 22 K, while AuCu3-type phase shows paramagnetic behaviour down to 2 K. The detail studies of magnetic relaxation, magnetic memory effect and frequency dependency of ac magnetic susceptibility establish the presence of glassy phase in the system. The critical behaviour have been investigated for DyIr3 in detail in the vicinity of its magnetic transition temperature by means of dc magnetization, specific heat data, Arrott–Noakes plot, Kouvel–Fisher plot, critical isotherm, and magnetocaloric study. The type of magnetic universal class, in which DyIr3 belongs, has been identified through the critical behaviour study.

Introduction

The rare-earth (R) and transition-metal (M) based perovskite compounds has been extensively studied since last few decades due to their versatile interesting physical properties viz., polymorphism [1], kondo phenomenon [2], superconductivity [3], magnetocaloric effect [4], magnetoresistence [5], charge ordering, [6] etc. The general chemical formula of cubic perovskite structure is AMX3 [7] (space group: Pm3̄m) where ‘A’ atoms occupy the cubic corner positions, ‘M’ sits at the body centre position and ‘X’ atoms are at the face centre positions. In case of intermetallic inverse-perovskite, the lighter atom sits at the body centre position. Although the ideal perovskite compounds form in the above-mentioned cubic structure, many of those are prone to crystal distortion, resulting the formation of ‘pseudocubic’ structure of lower symmetry [7], [8]. One such example is RPt3X, (R = rare earth; X = B, Si), where compounds for R = Sm - Tm undergo structural transformation from tetragonal CePt3B-type structure to ideal cubic perovskite structure with lower boron content after annealing at high temperature [1]. A similar diminution of boron content has also been reported in RPd3Bx (0 < x < 1) series [9]. It should be pointed here, that the interjection of lighter atom in RM3X depends on the available space in the vacant RM3 cage [1], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. For example, RRh3(B/C) compounds are reported to form with full B or C content i.e, RRh3 cage allow the B or C with full occupancy [11], [12], [20]. However, due to the smaller size of Pd atom, the RPd3 cage limits the insertion of lighter atom.

Thus the understanding of physical properties of RM3X compounds depend on the appropriate perception of the physical properties of binary RM3 series. The RM3 binary compounds form in various crystal structures depending on the type of R and M metals [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]. For example, RPd3 forms in cubic AuCu3-type structure for all R atoms, [28], [29] whereas, the different members of RPt3 series are reported to form in two different crystal structures: AuBe5 and AuCu3-type, depending on rare-earth atoms. For R = La-Tb, RPt3 compounds form in AuBe5- type structure and for R = Dy-Tm, the compounds assume the AuCu3-type structure [22], [23], [26], [27]. Only TbPt3 undergoes interesting polymorphic structural transformation from AuBe5 to AuCu3-type under annealing at 1173 K for 2 hrs [22]. The members of RRh3 family are reported to crystallize in different structures such as, CeNi3 (space group: P63/mmc), PuNi3 (space group: R3̄m) and AuCu3-type [21], [24], [25]. Recently, we have reported the synthesis and various physical properties of some members of RIr3 (R = Gd, Tb, Ho) intermetallic compound [30]. In this work, we report the structural and magnetic properties of another member of the same series, DyIr3.

Section snippets

Experimental details

The binary polycrystalline compound DyIr3 is synthesized in arc furnace by melting high purity (> 99.9%) constituent elements, viz., Dy and Ir in stoichiometric amount on water cooled Copper hearth in flowing inert gas (Ar) atmosphere. The ingot is melted several times (atleast 5–6 times) after flipping each time to promote volume homogeneity. The weight loss during melting process is less than 1%. The as-cast sample is wrapped in Ta-foil and annealed at 1173 K under vacuum sealed quartz tube

Results and discussions

The XRD pattern taken at room temperature of DyIr3 (Fig. 1) can be indexed by considering two coexisting polymorphic phases: AuBe5 (space group F4̄3m, No. 216) and AuCu3-type (space group: Pm3̄m, No. 221). The unit cell of AuBe5 and AuCu3-type structure are displayed in Fig. 1. It may be mentioned here that DyIr3 had earlier been argued to lie at the border of the AuCu3-type and PuNi3-type crystal structure, but essentially reported to form in the former structure type [32]. We however rather

Summary

In the present work, we report the synthesis of binary polycrystalline compound DyIr3. The room temperature XRD analysis by full Rietveld method reveals that DyIr3 forms with two coexisting polymorphic phases: AuBe5 and AuCu3-type. The analysis of dc magnetization and heat capacity data suggest that AuBe5- type phase orders ferromagnetically near 22 K but AuCu3 -type phase remains paramagnetic down to 2.5 K. The ac-susceptibility measurement, magnetic relaxation and magnetic memory effect

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Binita Mondal: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing. Shovan Dan: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing. Sudipta Mondal: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing. R.N. Bhowmik: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing. R. Ranganathan: Resources, Supervision, Writing - review & editing. Chandan Mazumdar: Conceptualization, Resources, Supervision, Writing - review & editing.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mr Shibasis Chatterjee and Mr Tridib Das for technical support during SEM & EDS measurements. RNB thanks CIF, Pondicherry University for ac-susceptibility measurements. The work has been carried out by the CMPID project at SINP and funded by the Department of Atomic Energy , Govt. of India.

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