Abstract
We study the phase structure of the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model in the plane of temperature and baryon chemical potential, including the effect of a nonzero current quark mass. Our study is performed in the decompactified limit of the model, which, at least regarding the chiral phase transition, appears to be closer to real-world QCD than the original version. Following earlier studies, we account for the quark mass in an effective way based on an open Wilson line operator whose expectation value is identified with the chiral condensate. We find that the quark mass stabilizes a configuration with string sources and point out that this phase plays an important role in the phase diagram. Furthermore, we show that the quark mass breaks up the first-order chiral phase transition curve and introduces critical points to the phase diagram. Similarities of the phase structure to other holographic approaches and to lattice simulations of “heavy QCD” are found and discussed. By making holographic QCD more realistic, our results open the door to a better understanding of real-world strongly coupled hot and dense matter.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
T. Sakai and S. Sugimoto, Low energy hadron physics in holographic QCD, Prog. Theor. Phys. 113 (2005) 843 [hep-th/0412141] [INSPIRE].
T. Sakai and S. Sugimoto, More on a holographic dual of QCD, Prog. Theor. Phys. 114 (2005) 1083 [hep-th/0507073] [INSPIRE].
J.M. Maldacena, The large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38 (1999) 1113 [hep-th/9711200] [INSPIRE].
E. Witten, Anti-de Sitter space, thermal phase transition and confinement in gauge theories, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2 (1998) 505 [hep-th/9803131] [INSPIRE].
H. Hata, T. Sakai, S. Sugimoto and S. Yamato, Baryons from instantons in holographic QCD, Prog. Theor. Phys. 117 (2007) 1157 [hep-th/0701280] [INSPIRE].
F. Brünner, J. Leutgeb and A. Rebhan, A broad pseudovector glueball from holographic QCD, Phys. Lett. B 788 (2019) 431 [arXiv:1807.10164] [INSPIRE].
J. Leutgeb and A. Rebhan, Witten-Veneziano mechanism and pseudoscalar glueball-meson mixing in holographic QCD, Phys. Rev. D 101 (2020) 014006 [arXiv:1909.12352] [INSPIRE].
O. Bergman, G. Lifschytz and M. Lippert, Holographic nuclear physics, JHEP 11 (2007) 056 [arXiv:0708.0326] [INSPIRE].
L. McLerran and R.D. Pisarski, Phases of cold, dense quarks at large Nc , Nucl. Phys. A 796 (2007) 83 [arXiv:0706.2191] [INSPIRE].
O. Philipsen and J. Scheunert, QCD in the heavy dense regime for general Nc : on the existence of quarkyonic matter, JHEP 11 (2019) 022 [arXiv:1908.03136] [INSPIRE].
F. Bigazzi and A.L. Cotrone, Holographic QCD with dynamical flavors, JHEP 01 (2015) 104 [arXiv:1410.2443] [INSPIRE].
S.-w. Li and T. Jia, Dynamically flavored description of holographic QCD in the presence of a magnetic field, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 066032 [arXiv:1604.07197] [INSPIRE].
N. Horigome and Y. Tanii, Holographic chiral phase transition with chemical potential, JHEP 01 (2007) 072 [hep-th/0608198] [INSPIRE].
S.-w. Li, A. Schmitt and Q. Wang, From holography towards real-world nuclear matter, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 026006 [arXiv:1505.04886] [INSPIRE].
Y. Nambu and G. Jona-Lasinio, Dynamical model of elementary particles based on an analogy with superconductivity. I, Phys. Rev. 122 (1961) 345 [INSPIRE].
Y. Nambu and G. Jona-Lasinio, Dynamical model of elementary particles based on an analogy with superconductivity. II, Phys. Rev. 124 (1961) 246 [INSPIRE].
F. Preis, A. Rebhan and A. Schmitt, Inverse magnetic catalysis in field theory and gauge-gravity duality, Lect. Notes Phys. 871 (2013) 51 [arXiv:1208.0536] [INSPIRE].
F. Preis, A. Rebhan and A. Schmitt, Inverse magnetic catalysis in dense holographic matter, JHEP 03 (2011) 033 [arXiv:1012.4785] [INSPIRE].
K. Bitaghsir Fadafan, F. Kazemian and A. Schmitt, Towards a holographic quark-hadron continuity, JHEP 03 (2019) 183 [arXiv:1811.08698] [INSPIRE].
O. Bergman, S. Seki and J. Sonnenschein, Quark mass and condensate in HQCD, JHEP 12 (2007) 037 [arXiv:0708.2839] [INSPIRE].
A. Dhar and P. Nag, Sakai-Sugimoto model, tachyon condensation and chiral symmetry breaking, JHEP 01 (2008) 055 [arXiv:0708.3233] [INSPIRE].
A. Dhar and P. Nag, Tachyon condensation and quark mass in modified Sakai-Sugimoto model, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 066021 [arXiv:0804.4807] [INSPIRE].
O. Aharony and D. Kutasov, Holographic duals of long open strings, Phys. Rev. D 78 (2008) 026005 [arXiv:0803.3547] [INSPIRE].
K. Hashimoto, T. Hirayama, F.-L. Lin and H.-U. Yee, Quark mass deformation of holographic massless QCD, JHEP 07 (2008) 089 [arXiv:0803.4192] [INSPIRE].
R. McNees, R.C. Myers and A. Sinha, On quark masses in holographic QCD, JHEP 11 (2008) 056 [arXiv:0807.5127] [INSPIRE].
P.C. Argyres, M. Edalati, R.G. Leigh and J.F. Vazquez-Poritz, Open Wilson lines and chiral condensates in thermal holographic QCD, Phys. Rev. D 79 (2009) 045022 [arXiv:0811.4617] [INSPIRE].
K. Hashimoto, T. Hirayama and D.K. Hong, Quark mass dependence of hadron spectrum in holographic QCD, Phys. Rev. D 81 (2010) 045016 [arXiv:0906.0402] [INSPIRE].
S. Seki and S.-J. Sin, Chiral condensate in holographic QCD with baryon density, JHEP 08 (2012) 009 [arXiv:1206.5897] [INSPIRE].
S. Kobayashi et al., Holographic phase transitions at finite baryon density, JHEP 02 (2007) 016 [hep-th/0611099] [INSPIRE].
N. Evans, A. Gebauer, K.-Y. Kim and M. Magou, Holographic description of the phase diagram of a chiral symmetry breaking gauge theory, JHEP 03 (2010) 132 [arXiv:1002.1885] [INSPIRE].
N. Evans, A. Gebauer and K.-Y. Kim, E, B, μ, T phase structure of the D3/D7 holographic dual, JHEP 05 (2011) 067 [arXiv:1103.5627] [INSPIRE].
N. Evans, A. Gebauer, M. Magou and K.-Y. Kim, Towards a holographic model of the QCD phase diagram, J. Phys. G 39 (2012) 054005 [arXiv:1109.2633] [INSPIRE].
M. Jarvinen and E. Kiritsis, Holographic models for QCD in the Veneziano limit, JHEP 03 (2012) 002 [arXiv:1112.1261] [INSPIRE].
T. Ishii, M. J¨arvinen and G. Nijs, Cool baryon and quark matter in holographic QCD, JHEP 07 (2019) 003 [arXiv:1903.06169] [INSPIRE].
U. Gürsoy, M. Jarvinen and G. Nijs, Holographic QCD in the Veneziano limit at a finite magnetic field and chemical potential, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 (2018) 242002 [arXiv:1707.00872] [INSPIRE].
M. Fromm, J. Langelage, S. Lottini and O. Philipsen, The QCD deconfinement transition for heavy quarks and all baryon chemical potentials, JHEP 01 (2012) 042 [arXiv:1111.4953] [INSPIRE].
A. Rebhan, The Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model: a brief review and some recent results, EPJ Web Conf. 95 (2015) 02005 [arXiv:1410.8858] [INSPIRE].
G. Mandal and T. Morita, Gregory-Laflamme as the confinement/deconfinement transition in holographic QCD, JHEP 09 (2011) 073 [arXiv:1107.4048] [INSPIRE].
F. Preis and A. Schmitt, Layers of deformed instantons in holographic baryonic matter, JHEP 07 (2016) 001 [arXiv:1606.00675] [INSPIRE].
O. Aharony, J. Sonnenschein and S. Yankielowicz, A holographic model of deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration, Annals Phys. 322 (2007) 1420 [hep-th/0604161] [INSPIRE].
E. Antonyan, J.A. Harvey, S. Jensen and D. Kutasov, NJLS and QCD from string theory, hep-th/0604017 [INSPIRE].
J.L. Davis, M. Gutperle, P. Kraus and I. Sachs, Stringy NJLS and Gross-Neveu models at finite density and temperature, JHEP 10 (2007) 049 [arXiv:0708.0589] [INSPIRE].
M. Gell-Mann, R.J. Oakes and B. Renner, Behavior of current divergences under SU(3) × SU(3), Phys. Rev. 175 (1968) 2195 [INSPIRE].
F. Brünner and A. Rebhan, Constraints on the ηη′ decay rate of a scalar glueball from gauge/gravity duality, Phys. Rev. D 92 (2015) 121902 [arXiv:1510.07605] [INSPIRE].
K. Hashimoto, N. Iizuka, T. Ishii and D. Kadoh, Three-flavor quark mass dependence of baryon spectra in holographic QCD, Phys. Lett. B 691 (2010) 65 [arXiv:0910.1179] [INSPIRE].
F. Bigazzi and P. Niro, Neutron-proton mass difference from gauge/gravity duality, Phys. Rev. D 98 (2018) 046004 [arXiv:1803.05202] [INSPIRE].
C. Ewerz, O. Kaczmarek and A. Samberg, Free energy of a heavy quark-antiquark pair in a thermal medium from AdS/CFT, JHEP 03 (2018) 088 [arXiv:1605.07181] [INSPIRE].
D. Bak, A. Karch and L.G. Yaffe, Debye screening in strongly coupled N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma, JHEP 08 (2007) 049 [arXiv:0705.0994] [INSPIRE].
D. Mateos, S. Matsuura, R.C. Myers and R.M. Thomson, Holographic phase transitions at finite chemical potential, JHEP 11 (2007) 085 [arXiv:0709.1225] [INSPIRE].
C.G. Callan and J.M. Maldacena, Brane death and dynamics from the Born-Infeld action, Nucl. Phys. B 513 (1998) 198 [hep-th/9708147] [INSPIRE].
G.W. Gibbons, Born-Infeld particles and Dirichlet p-branes, Nucl. Phys. B 514 (1998) 603 [hep-th/9709027] [INSPIRE].
N. Evans and E. Threlfall, Quark mass in the Sakai-Sugimoto model of chiral symmetry breaking, arXiv:0706.3285 [INSPIRE].
A. Bhattacharyya et al., Thermodynamic properties of strongly interacting matter in finite volume using Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 054009 [arXiv:1212.5893] [INSPIRE].
R. Marty et al., Transport coefficients from the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model for SU(3)f , Phys. Rev. C 88 (2013) 045204 [arXiv:1305.7180] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1911.08433
Rights and permissions
Open Access . This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Kovensky, N., Schmitt, A. Heavy holographic QCD. J. High Energ. Phys. 2020, 96 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2020)096
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2020)096