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Cycling of methylmercury and other redox-sensitive compounds in the profundal zone of a hypereutrophic water supply reservoir

  • RESTORATION OF EUTROPHIC LAKES
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Abstract

The byproducts of anaerobic biogeochemical processes, many mediated at the sediment–water interface, can degrade water quality in the bottom of reservoirs. Using both experimental sediment–water chambers and field monitoring, this study assessed nutrient and metals cycling in the profundal zone of hypereutrophic Hodges Reservoir, San Diego (maximum depth = 29.1 m; maximum surface area = 6.0 km2). A focus of the study was methylmercury (MeHg), a toxic form of mercury that bioaccumulates in aquatic food webs. Results confirmed that oxic conditions repressed release of redox-sensitive compounds (e.g., MeHg, ammonia, phosphate, manganese) from profundal sediment, though high sediment oxygen demand complicated experimental efforts to maintain a well-oxygenated sediment–water interface. In both experimental chambers and in the reservoir, patterns of MeHg cycling correlated with manganese cycling, suggesting that moderately low redox conditions that stimulate reductive dissolution of manganese also enhance net Hg methylation. Sediment MeHg flux was tightly coupled with sulfate uptake under moderately reduced conditions, reinforcing the link between sulfate-reducing bacteria and Hg methylation. Results highlight the fact that hypolimnetic oxygenation in Hodges Reservoir using pure oxygen gas, which is planned for spring 2020, must maintain high oxygen concentrations at the profundal sediment–water interface. In addition, results indicate that the presence of manganese in surface water can be used as an indicator of oxygenation’s effectiveness in lowering rates of internal nutrient and MeHg loading.

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Data Availability

Most data generated during this study are included in this published article and available in Online Resources 1. Any additional data can be provided by the corresponding author, Dr. Marc Beutel, upon request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following for support during this project: Ms. Carrie Austin, Ms. Lauren Smitherman and staff at the California State Water Resources Control Board; Dr. Wesley Heim and staff at Moss Landing Marine Laboratories; Dr. Liying Zhao and staff at the U.C. Merced Environmental Analytical Laboratory; and Staff at the Santa Fe Irrigation District. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. The views expressed herein are solely those of the authors and do not represent the official policies or positions of any supporting agencies.

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  1. Goldamer Herbon

    Present address: San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, CA, 92123, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Systems Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA

    Marc Beutel & Byran Fuhrmann

  2. San Diego Public Utilities Department, San Diego, CA, 92107, USA

    Goldamer Herbon, Sarah Brower & Jeffery Pasek

  3. Forestry and Environmental Conservation Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA

    Alex Chow

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Beutel, M., Fuhrmann, B., Herbon, G. et al. Cycling of methylmercury and other redox-sensitive compounds in the profundal zone of a hypereutrophic water supply reservoir. Hydrobiologia 847, 4425–4446 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04192-3

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