Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Sol–gel synthesis of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials—A review of environmentally benign, simple, and effective synthesis routes

  • Review Paper: Fundamentals of sol–gel and hybrid materials processing
  • Published:
Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this review article the available results about application of sol–gel synthesis method for the preparation of different calcium phosphates and composite materials are summarized. The attention is paid to calcium phosphate-containing compounds which show the biological properties and could be used as potential phosphate bioceramics in medicine. It was demonstrated that the sol–gel synthesis method is a powerful tool for the synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite and other phosphates, and different calcium phosphate-based composites at mild synthetic conditions resulted in high reproducibility, high phase purity, and desired morphology. Thus, the sol–gel synthesis method enables the researchers to develop biomaterials with superior features in terms of biomedical applications.

For the synthesis of calcium phosphate biomaterials an effective sol–gel chemistry approaches have been developed. KI, EG, and AK. “Sol–gel synthesis of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials—A review of environmentally benign, simple, and effective synthesis routes”.

Highlights

  • The sol-gel chemistry approaches for synthesis of calcium phosphate biomaterials were observed.

  • Calcium hydroxyapatite, different calcium phosphates, and composites are discussed.

  • These CP biomaterials show a high biocompatibility and increased biological behaviour.

  • The sol-gel synthesis method is a powerful tool for the synthesis of CP biomaterials.

  • High reproducibility, high phase purity and desired morphology could be achieved.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Vallet-Regi M, Gonzalez-Calbet JM (2004) Calcium phosphates as substitution of bone tissues. Prog Solid State Chem 32:1–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Cardoso DA, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG (2012) Synthesis and application of nanostructured calcium phosphate ceramics for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res Part B-Appl Biomater 100B:2316–2326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Kolmas J, Groszyk E, Kwiatkowska-Róhycka D (2014) Substituted hydroxyapatites with antibacterial properties. BioMed Res Int 2014:178123

  4. Tripathi G, Sugiura Y, Kareiva A, Garskaite E, Tsuru K, Ishikawa K (2018) Feasibility evaluation of low-crystallinity β-tricalcium phosphate blocks as a bone substitute fabricated by a dissolution–precipitation reaction from α-tricalcium phosphate blocks. J Biomater Appl 33:259–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Goetz W, Papageorgiou SN (2017) Molecular, cellular and pharmaceutical aspects of synthetic hydroxyapatite bone substitutes for oral and maxillofacial grafting. Current Pharma Biotechnol 18:95–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Kudoh K, Fukuda N, Kasugai S, Tachikawa N, Koyano K, Matsushita Y, Ogino Y, Ishikawa K, Miyamoto Y (2019) Maxillary sinus floor augmentation using low-crystalline carbonate apatite granules with simultaneous implant installation: first-in-human clinical trial. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 77:985.e1

  7. Ratnayake JTB, Mucalo M, Dias GJ (2017) Substituted hydroxyapatites for bone regeneration: a review of current trends. J Biomed Mater Res Part B 105B:1285–1299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Pasteris JD (2016) A mineralogical view of apatitic biomaterials. Am Mineralogist 101:2594–2610

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Tite T, Popa A-C, Balescu LM, Bogdan IM, Pasuk I, Ferreira JMF, Stan GE (2018) Cationic substitutions in hydroxyapatite: current status of the derived biofunctional effects and their in vitro interrogation methods. Materials 11:2081

  10. Oh KS, Kim KJ, Jeong YK, Park EK, Kim SY, Kwon JH, Ryoo HM, Shin HL (2004) Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial effect of Ag doped hydroxyapatite. Key Eng Mater 264–268:2107–2110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Verma P, Maheshwari SK (2019) Applications of silver nanoparticles in diverse sectors. Int J Nano Dimens 10:18–36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M (2014) Dental materials with antibiofilm properties. Dent Mater 30:e1–e16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dorozhkin SV (2009) Nanodimensional and nanocrystalline apatites and other calcium orthophosphates in biomedical engineering, biology and medicine. Materials 2:1975–2045

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yousefi A-M, Oudadesse H, Akbarzadeh R, Wers E, Lucas-Girot A (2014) Physical and biological characteristics of nanohydroxyapatite and bioactive glasses used for bone tissue engineering. Nanotechnol Rev 3:527–552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wu VM, Tang S, Uskokovic V (2018) Calcium phosphate nanoparticles as intrinsic inorganic antimicrobials: the antibacterial effect. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 10:34013–34028

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Jiang PJ, Patel S, Gbureck U, Caley R, Grover LM (2010) Comparing the efficacy of three bioceramic matrices for the release of vancomycin hydrochloride. J Biomed Mater Res Part B-Appl Biomater 93B:51–58

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Laurenti M, Cauda V (2017) ZnO nanostructures for tissue engineering applications. Nanomater. 7:374

  18. Salinas AJ, Vallet-Regi M (2013) Bioactive ceramics: from bone grafts to tissue engineering. RSC Adv 3:11116–11131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gerhardt L-C, Boccaccini AR (2010) Bioactive glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Materials 3:3867–3910

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kaur G, Pandey OP, Singh K, Homa D, Scott B, Pickrell G (2014) A review of bioactive glasses: their structure, properties, fabrication and apatite formation. J Biomed Mater Res A 102:254–274

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Diao JJ, OuYang J, Deng T, Liu X, Feng YT, Zhao NR, Mao CB, Wang YJ (2018) 3D-plotted beta-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds with smaller pore sizes improve in vivo bone regeneration and biomechanical properties in a critical-sized calvarial defect rat model. Adv Healthc Mater 7:1800441

  22. Seyedmajidi M, Haghanifar S, Hajian-Tilaki K, Seyedmajidi S (2018) Histopathological, histomorphometrical, and radiological evaluations of hydroxyapatite/bioactive glass and fluorapatite/bioactive glass nanocomposite foams as cell scaffolds in rat tibia: an in vivo study. Biomed Mater 13:025015

  23. Li M, Xiong P, Yan F, Li SJ, Ren CH, Yin ZC, Li A, Li HF, Ji XM, Zheng YF, Cheng Y (2018) An overview of graphene-based hydroxyapatite composites for orthopedic applications. Bioact Mater 3:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Ben-Nissan B (2003) Natural bioceramics: from coral to bone and beyond. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 7:283–288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Furko M, Balazsi K, Balazsi C (2017) Comparative study on preparation and characterization of bioactive coatings for biomedical applications—a review on recent patents and literature. Rev Adv Mater Sci 48:25–51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Weng YC, Liu HX, Ji SP, Huang Q, Wu H, Li ZB, Wu ZZ, Wang HY, Tong LP, Fu RKY, Chu PK, Pan F (2018) A promising orthopedic implant material with enhanced osteogenic and antibacterial activity: Al2O3-coated aluminum alloy. Appl Surf Sci 457:1025–1034

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Hidalgo-Robatto BM, Aguilera-Correa JJ, Lopez-Alvarez M, Romera D, Esteban J, Gonzalez P, Serra J (2018) Fluor-carbonated hydroxyapatite coatings by pulsed laser deposition to promote cell viability and antibacterial properties. Surf Coat Technol 349:736–744

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Li P, Schille C, Schweizer E, Rupp F, Heiss A, Legner C, Klotz UE, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Scheideler L (2018) Mechanical characteristics, in vitro degradation, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial evaluation of Zn-4.0Ag alloy as a biodegradable material. Int J Mol Sci 19:755

  29. Graziani G, Boi M, Bianchi M (2018) A review on ionic substitutions in hydroxyapatite thin films: towards complete biomimetism. Coatings 8:269

  30. Kumar AM, Adesina AY, Hussein MA, Ramakrishna S, Al-Aqeeli N, Akhtar S, Saravanan S (2019) PEDOT/FHA nanocomposite coatings on newly developed Ti-Nb-Zr implants: Biocompatibility and surface protection against corrosion and bacterial infections. Mater Sci Eng C-Mater Biol Appl 98:482–495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Livage J, Henry M, Sanchez C (1988) Sol–gel chemistry of transition metal oxides. Prog Solid State Chem 18:259–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Brinker CJ, Scherer GW (1990) Sol–gel science: the physics and chemistry of sol–gel processing. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  33. Schubert U, Husing N, Lorenz A (1995) Hybrid inorganic-organic materials by sol–gel processing of organofunctional metal alkoxides. Chem Mater 7:2010–2027

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wen JY, Wilkes GL (1996) Organic/inorganic hybrid network materials by the sol–gel approach. Chem Mater 8:1667–1681

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Cheetham AK, Mellot CF (1997) In situ studies of the sol–gel synthesis of materials. Chem Mater 9:2269–2279

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Mann S, Burkett SL, Davis SA, Fowler CE, Mendelson NH, Sims SD, Walsh D, Whilton NT (1997) Sol–gel synthesis of organized matter. Chem Mater 9:2300–2310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Huczko A (2000) Template-based synthesis of nanomaterials. Appl Phys A-Mater Sci Process 70:365–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Caruso RA, Antonietti M (2001) Sol–gel nanocoating: an approach to the preparation of structured materials. Chem Mater 13:3272–3282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Cushing BL, Kolesnichenko VL, O’Connor CJ (2004) Recent advances in the liquid-phase syntheses of inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Rev 104:3893–3946

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Pierre AC (2004) The sol–gel encapsulation of enzymes. Biocatal Biotransform 22:145–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Fu LJ, Liu H, Li C, Wu YP, Rahm E, Holze R, Wu HQ (2005) Electrode materials for lithium secondary batteries prepared by sol–gel methods. Prog Mater Sci 50:881–928

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Frenzer G, Maier WF (2006) Amorphous porous mixed oxides: sol–gel ways to a highly versatile class of materials and catalysts. Annu Rev Mater Res 36:281–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Mackenzie JD, Bescher EP (2007) Chemical routes in the synthesis of nanomaterials using the sol–gel process. Acc Chem Res 40:810–818

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Loebmann P (2007) From sol–gel processing to bio-inspired materials synthesis. Curr Nanosci 3:306–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. White AA, Best SM, Kinloch IA (2007) Hydroxyapatite-carbon nanotube composites for biomedical applications: a review. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 4:1–13

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Sanchez C, Boissiere C, Grosso D, Laberty C, Nicole L (2008) Design, synthesis, and properties of inorganic and hybrid thin films having periodically organized nanoporosity. Chem Mater 20:682–737

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Gupta R, Kumar A (2008) Bioactive materials for biomedical applications using sol–gel technology. Biomed Mater 3:034005

  48. Quintanar-Guerrero D, Ganem-Quintanar A, Nava-Arzaluz MG, Pinon-Segundo E (2009) Silica xerogels as pharmaceutical drug carriers. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 6:485–498

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Baccile N, Babonneau F, Thomas B, Coradin T (2009) Introducing ecodesign in silica sol–gel materials. J Mater Chem 19:8537–8559

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Chiriac AP, Neamtu I, Nita LE, Nistor MT (2010) Sol gel method performed for biomedical products implementation. Mini Rev Med Chem 10:990–1013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Cividanes LS, Campos TMB, Rodrigues LA, Brunelli DD, Thim GP (2010) Review of mullite synthesis routes by sol–gel method. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 55:111–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Kareiva A (2011) Aqueous sol–gel synthesis methods for the preparation of garnet crystal structure compounds. Mater Sci 17:428–437

    Google Scholar 

  53. Brusatin G, Della Giustina G (2011) Hybrid organic–inorganic sol–gel materials for micro and nanofabrication. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 60:299–314

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Della Gaspera E, Buso D, Martucci A (2010) Gold nanoparticles to boost the gas sensing performance of porous sol–gel thin films. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 60:366–377

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Sutka A, Mezinskis G (2012) Sol–gel auto-combustion synthesis of spinel-type ferrite nanomaterials. Front Mater Sci 6:128–141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Jones JR (2013) Review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids. Acta Biomater 9:4457–4486

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Debecker DP, Hulea V, Mutin PH (2013) Mesoporous mixed oxide catalysts via non-hydrolytic sol–gel: a review. Appl Catal A Gen 451:192–206

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Antonietti M, Fechler N, Fellinger TP (2014) Carbon aerogels and monoliths: control of porosity and nanoarchitecture via sol–gel routes. Chem Mater 26:196–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Singh LP, Bhattacharyya SK, Kumar R, Mishra G, Sharma U, Singh G, Ahalawat S (2014) Sol–gel processing of silica nanoparticles and their applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 214:17–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Della Gaspera E, Martucci A (2015) Sol–gel thin films for plasmonic gas sensors. Sensors 15:16910–16928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Figueira RB, Silva CJR, Pereira EV (2015) Organic–inorganic hybrid sol–gel coatings for metal corrosion protection: a review of recent progress. J Coat Technol Res 12:1–35

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Varma A, Mukasyan AS, Rogachev AS, Manukyan KV (2016) Solution combustion synthesis of nanoscale materials. Chem Rev 116:14493–14586

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Guo XZ, Zhang QL, Ding XG, Shen QH, Wu CC, Zhang LJ, Yang H (2016) Synthesis and application of several sol–gel-derived materials via sol–gel process combining with other technologies: a review. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 79:328–358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Athayde DD, Souza DF, Silva AMA, Vasconcelos D, Nunes EHM, da Costa JCD, Vasconcelos WL (2016) Review of perovskite ceramic synthesis and membrane preparation methods. Ceram Int 42:6555–6571

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Danks AE, Hall SR, Schnepp Z (2016) The evolution of ‘sol–gel’ chemistry as a technique for materials synthesis. Mater Horiz 3:91–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Feinle A, Elsaesser MS, Huesing N (2016) Sol–gel synthesis of monolithic materials with hierarchical porosity. Chem Soc Rev 45:3377–3399

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Dave BC (2016) Sol–gel coating methods in biomedical systems. In: Glocker DA, Ranade SV (eds) Medical coatings and deposition technologies. Wiley-Scrivener, Beverly, MA. p 373–402

  68. Cote AS, Cormack AN, Tilocca A (2017) Reactive molecular dynamics: an effective tool for modelling the sol–gel synthesis of bioglasses. J Mater Sci 52:9006–9013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Styskalik A, Skoda D, Barnes CE, Pinkas J (2017) The power of non-hydrolytic sol–gel chemistry: a review. Catalysts 7:168

  70. Sumida K, Liang K, Reboul J, Ibarra IA, Furukawa S, Falcaro P (2017) Sol–gel processing of metal-organic frameworks. Chem Mater 29:2626–2645

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Zheng K, Boccaccini AR (2017) Sol–gel processing of bioactive glass nanoparticles: a review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 249:363–373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Guglielmi M, Martucci A (2018) Sol–gel nanocomposites for optical applications. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 88:551–563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Goncalves MC (2018) Sol–gel silica nanoparticles in medicine: a natural choice. Design, synthesis and products. Molecules 23:2021

  74. Scheurell K, Kemnitz E (2018) Fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis of nanometal fluorides: accessing new materials for optical applications. Inorganics 6:128

  75. Ghosh R, Sarkar R (2018) Synthesis and characterization of sintered hydroxyapatite: a comparative study on the effect of preparation route. J Austral Ceram Soc 54:71–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Fiume E, Barberi J, Verne E, Baino F (2018) Bioactive glasses: from parent 45S5 composition to scaffold-assisted tissue-healing therapies. J Funct Biomater 9:24

  77. Vivekanandhan S (2019) Combustion process using plant-based fuels for the synthesis of metal- oxide nanostructures. ChemistrySelect 4:8026–8042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Tiwari I, Mahanwar PA (2019) Polyacrylate/silica hybrid materials: a step towards multifunctional properties. J Disper Sci Technol 40:925–957

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Granel H, Bossard C, Nucke L, Wauquier F, Rochefort GY, Guicheux J, Jallot E, Lao J, Wittrant Y (2019) Optimized bioactive glass: the quest for the bony graft. Adv Healthc Mater. 8:1801542

  80. Boudemagh D, Venturini P, Fleutot S, Cleymand F (2019) Elaboration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and chitosan/hydroxyapatite composites: a present status. Polym Bull 76:2621–2653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Liu DP, Tian J, Li JS, Tang Z, Wang HY, Tang YG (2019) Preparation and applications of Mn–Ce binary oxides. Prog Chem 31:811–830

    Google Scholar 

  82. Esposito S (2019) “Traditional” sol–gel chemistry as a powerful tool for the preparation of supported metal and metal oxide catalysts. Materials 12:668

  83. Masuda Y, Matubara K, Sakka S (1990) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from metal alkoxides through sol–gel technique. J Ceram Soc Jpn 98:1255–1266

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Milev AS, Kamali Kannangara GS, Ben-Nissan B, Wilson MA (2004) Temperature effects on a hydroxyapatite precursor solution. J Phys Chem B 108:5516–5521

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Beganskiene A, Bogdanoviciene I, Mathur S, Shen H, Kareiva A (2004) Dialkyl phosphates as phosphorus precursors for the sol–gel synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite. Environ Chem Phys 26:164–168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Beganskienė A, Bogdanovičienė I, Kareiva A (2006) Calcium acetylacetonate—a novel calcium precursor for sol–gel preparation of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Chemija 2–3:16–20

    Google Scholar 

  87. Kordas G, Trapalis CC (1997) Fourier transform and multi dimensional EPR spectroscopy for the characterization of hydroxyapatite gels. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 9:305–309

    Google Scholar 

  88. Cihlar J, Castkova K (1998) Synthesis of calcium phosphates from alkyl phosphates by the sol–gel method. Ceram Silikáty 42:164–170

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Ben-Nissan B, Green DD, Kannangara GSK, Chai CS, Milev A (2001) 31P NMR studies of diethyl phosphite derived nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 21:27–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Cheng K, Shen G, Weng W, Han G, Ferreira JMF, Yang J (2001) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite/fluoroapatite solid solution by a sol–gel method. Mater Lett 51:37–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Liu D-M, Troczynski T, Tseng WJ (2001) Water-based sol–gel synthesis of hydroxyapatite: process development. Biomater 22:1721–1730

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Liu D-M, Troczynski T, Hakimi D (2002) Effect of hydrolysis on the phase evolution of water-based sol–gel hydroxyapatite and its application to bioactive coatings. J Mater Sci Mater Med 13:657–665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Liu D-M, Troczynski T, Tseng WJ (2002) Aging effect on the phase evolution of water-based sol–gel hydroxyapatite. Biomaterials 23:1227–1236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Liu D-M, Yang Q, Troczynski T, Tseng WJ (2002) Structural evolution of sol–gel-derived hydroxyapatite. Biomaterials 23:1679–1687

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Ravikrishna R, Ren M, Valsaraj KT (2006) Low-temperature synthesis of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds using polyaphron templates. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 38:203–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Costa DO, Dixon SJ, Rizkalla AS (2012) One- and three-dimensional growth of hydroxyapatite nanowires during sol–gel-hydrothermal synthesis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:1490–1499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Balamurugan A, Michel J, Faure J, Benhayoune H, Wortham L, Sockalingum G, Banchet V, Bouthors S, Laurent-Maquin D, Balossier G (2006) Synthesis and structural analysis of sol gel derived stoichiometric monophasic hydroxyapatite. Ceram Silikáty 50:27–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Eshtiagh-Hosseini H, Housaindokht MR, Chahkandi M (2007) Effects of parameters of sol–gel process on the phase evolution of sol–gel-derived hydroxyapatite. Mater Chem Phys 106:310–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Wang J, Shaw LL (2009) Synthesis of high purity hydroxyapatite nanopowder via sol–gel combustion process. J Mater Sci Mater Med 20:1223–1227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Kalita SJ, Bhatt HA (2007) Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite doped with magnesium and zinc: synthesis and characterization. Mater Sci Eng C 27:837–848

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Dinu E, Birsan M, Ghitulica C, Voicu G, Andronescu E (2013) Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite obtained by sol–gel method. Roman J Mater 43:55–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Vijayalakshmi Natarajan U, Rajeswari S (2008) Influence of calcium precursors on the morphology and crystallinity of sol–gel-derived hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. J Cryst Growth 310:4601–4611

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Montazeri N, Jahandideh R, Biazar E (2011) Synthesis of fluorapatite–hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and toxicity investigations. Int J Nanomed 6:197–201

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Chen J, Wang Y, Chen X, Ren L, Lai C, He W, Zhang Q (2011) A simple sol–gel technique for synthesis of nanostructured hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate and biphasic powders. Mater Lett 65:1923–1926

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Foroughi MR, Zarei M (2015) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from industrial wastewaters. Res Chem Intermed 41:4009–4019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Tredwin CJ, Young AM, Georgiou G, Shin SH, Kim HW, Knowles JC (2013) Hydroxyapatite, fluor-hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite produced via the sol–gel method. Optimisation, characterisation and rheology. Dent Mater 29:166–173

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Priyadarshini B, Anjaneyulu U, Vijayalakshmi U (2017) Preparation and characterization of sol–gel derived Ce4+ doped hydroxyapatite and its in vitro biological evaluations for orthopedic applications. Mater Des 119:446–455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Priyadarshini B, Vijayalakshmi U (2018) Development of cerium and silicon co-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowder and its in vitro biological studies for bone regeneration applications. Adv Powder Technol 29:2792–2803

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Venkatesan YC, Kumar TSS, Raj DK, Kumary TV (2018) Osteogenic apatite particles by sol–gel assisted electrospraying. J Biomed Mater Res Part B-Appl Biomater 106:1941–1954

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Ioitescu A, Vlase G, Vlase T, Ilia G, Doca N (2009) Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite obtained from different organic precursors by sol–gel method. J Therm Anal Calorim 96:937–942

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Hosseini B, Mirhadi SM, Mehrazin M, Yazdanian M, Motamedi MRK (2017) Synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite using eggshell and trimethyl phosphate. Trauma Mon. 22:e36139

  112. Vassilakopoulou A, Dimos K, Kostas V, Karakassides MA, Koutselas I (2016) Synthesis and characterization of calcium oxyboroapatite with bimodal porosity. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 78:339–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Layrolle P, Ito A, Tateishi T (1998) Sol–gel synthesis of amorphous calcium phosphate and sintering into microporous hydroxyapatite bioceramics. J Am Ceram Soc 81:1421–1428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Song YJ, Wen SL, Li MS, Su QC, Jiang QH (2002) Preparation and physicochemical process of nanosized hydroxyapatite powders with high purity. J Inorg Mater 17:985–991

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Wang F, Li MS, Lu YP, Qi YX (2005) A simple sol–gel technique for preparing hydroxyapatite nanopowders. Mater Lett 59:916–919

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Grandjean-Laquerriere A, Laquerriere P, Jallot E, Nedelec J-M, Guenounou M, Laurent-Maquin D, Phillips TM (2006) Influence of the zinc concentration of sol–gel derived zinc substituted hydroxyapatite on cytokine production by human monocytes in vitro. Biomaterials 27:3195–3200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  117. Fathi MH, Hanifi A (2007) Evaluation and characterization of nanostructure hydroxyapatite powder prepared by simple sol–gel method. Mater Lett 61:3978–3983

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Nedelec J-M, Courtheoux L, Jallot E, Kinowski C, Lao J, Laquerriere P, Mansuy C, Renaudin G, Turrell S (2008) Materials doping through sol–gel chemistry: a little something can make a big difference. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 46:259–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Predoi D, Vatasescu-Balcan RA, Pasuk I, Trusca R, Costache M (2008) Calcium phosphate ceramics for biomedical applications. J Optoelectron Adv Mater 10:2151–2155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  120. Sygnatowicz M, Keyshar K, Tiwari A (2010) Antimicrobial properties of silver-doped hydroxyapatite nano-powders and thin films. JOM 62:65–70

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  121. Saranya K, Kowshik M, Ramanan SR (2011) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanopowders by sol–gel emulsion technique. Bull Mater Sci 34:1749–1753

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Vijayalakshmi U, Rajeswari S (2012) Influence of process parameters on the sol–gel synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite using various phosphorus precursors. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 63:45–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  123. Duan CH, Wang JX, Zhou SB, Feng B, Lu X, Weng J (2012) Study on phase transformation and controllable synthesis of calcium phosphate using a sol–gel approach. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 63:126–134

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Zakaria SM, Sharif SH, Othman MR, Yang F, Jansen JA (2013) Nanophase hydroxyapatite as a biomaterial in advanced hard tissue engineering: a review. Tissue Eng Part B-Rev 19:431–441

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Song ST, Wu SX, Lian Q, Peng YS, Zheng XF, Zhang ZW (2013) Synthesis and characterization of human body trace elements substituted hydroxyapatite for a bioactive material. Asian J Chem 25:6540–6544

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Kaygili O, Tatar C, Yakuphanoglu F, Keser S (2013) Nano-crystalline aluminum-containing hydroxyapatite based bioceramics: synthesis and characterization. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 65:105–111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Ziani S, Meski S, Khireddine H (2014) Characterization of magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite prepared by sol–gel process. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 11:83–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  128. Sava BA, Tardei C, Simonescu CM, Boroica L, Melinescu A (2015) Hydroxyapatite nanopowders obtained by sol–gel method, synthesis and properties. Optoelectron Adv Mater Rapid Commun 9:1415–1424

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Mojahedian M, Fahimipour F, Larsen KL, Kalantar M, Bastami F, Omatali N (2016) Ethanol-based sol–gel synthesis of nano-crystalline hydroxyapatite with different calcium phosphorus ratios (Ca/P). J Ceram Proces Res 17:1138–1142

    Google Scholar 

  130. Popa CL, Ciobanu CS (2016) Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent hydroxyapatite. Roman Rep Phys 68:1170–1177

    Google Scholar 

  131. Bose S, Saha SK (2003) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanopowders via sucrose-templated sol–gel method. J Am Ceram Soc 86:1055–1057

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Kuriakose TA, Kalkura SN, Palanichamy M, Arivuoli D, Dierks K, Bocelli G, Betzel C (2004) Synthesis of stoichiometric nano crystalline hydroxyapatite by ethanol-based sol–gel technique at low temperature. J Cryst Growth 263:517–523

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Han YC, Li SP, Wang XY, Chen XM (2004) Synthesis and sintering of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite powders by citric acid sol–gel combustion method. Mater Res Bull 39:25–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Bogdanoviciene I, Beganskiene A, Tõnsuaadu K, Glaser J, Meyer H-J, Kareiva A (2006) Calcium hydroxyapatite, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) ceramics prepared by aqueous sol–gel processing. Mater Res Bull 41:1754–1762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Lin YG, Yang ZR, Jiang C (2007) Preparation, characterization and antibacterial property of cerium substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. J Rare Earths 25:452–456

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Lin YG, Yang ZR, Cheng J, Wang LS (2008) Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial property of strontium half and totally substituted hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. J Wuhan Univ Technol Mater Sci Ed 23:475–479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Sopyan I, Singh R, Hamdi M (2008) Synthesis of nano sized hydroxyapatite powder using sol–gel technique and its conversion to dense and porous bodies. Ind J Chem Sect A Inorg Bioinorg Phys Theor Anal Chem 47:1626–1631

    Google Scholar 

  138. Gopi D, Govindaraju KM, Victor CAP, Kavitha L, Rajendiran N (2008) Spectroscopic investigations of nanohydroxyapatite powders synthesized by conventional and ultrasonic coupled sol–gel routes. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol BioMol Spectrosc 70:1243–1245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Bogdanoviciene I, Tonsuaadu K, Kareiva A (2009) Influence of gelation temperature on the properties of sol–gel derived calcium hydroxyapatite ceramics. Pol J Chem 83:47–55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Khireddine H, Saoudi S, Ziani S, Meski S, Meskour S (2009) Effect of EDTA (acid and salt) on the formation of hydroxyapatite by sol gel processing: a comparative study. Asian J Chem 21:3885–3891

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Bogdanoviciene I, Tõnsuaadu K, Mikli V, Grigoraviciute-Puroniene I, Beganskiene A, Kareiva A (2010) pH impact on the sol–gel preparation of calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, using a novel complexing agent DCTA. Cent Eur J Chem 8:1323–1330

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Bogdanovičienė I, Beganskienė A, Kareiva A, Juškėnas R, Selskis A, Ramanauskas R, Tõnsuaadu K, Mikli V (2010) Influence of heating conditions on the formation of sol–gel derived calcium hydroxyapatite. Chemija 21:98–105

    Google Scholar 

  143. Ghosh SK, Prakash A, Datta S, Roy SK, Basu D (2010) Effect of fuel characteristics on synthesis of calcium hydroxyapatite by solution combustion route. Bull Mater Sci 33:7–16

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Ciobanu CS, Massuyeau F, Constantin LV, Predoi D (2011) Structural and physical properties of antibacterial Ag-doped nano-hydroxyapatite synthesized at 100 oC. Nanosc Res Lett 6:1–8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  145. Mechay A, Feki HEL, Schoenstein F, Jouini N (2012) Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite ceramics prepared by hydrolysis in polyol medium. Chem Phys Lett 541:75–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Bogdanoviciene I, Misevicius M, Kareiva A, Gross KA, Yang TCK, Pan G-T, Fang H-W, Yang J-C (2013) Sol–gel synthesis and characterization of lanthanide-substituted nanostructured calcium hydroxyapatite. Adv Sci Technol 86:22–27

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Bakan F, Lacin O, Sarac H (2013) A novel low temperature sol–gel synthesis process for thermally stable nano crystalline hydroxyapatite. Powder Technol 233:295–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Sasikumar S (2013) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite by sol–gel combustion method using tricarboxylic acid and diamide as a mixed fuel. J Ind Chem Soc 90:1319–1325

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Ramakrishnan R, Wilson P, Sivakumar T, Jemina I (2013) A comparative study of hydroxyapatites synthesized using various fuels through aqueous and alcohol mediated combustion routes. Ceram Int 39:3519–3532

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Omori Y, Okada M, Takeda S, Matsumoto N (2014) Fabrication of dispersible calcium phosphate nanocrystals via a modified Pechini method under non-stoichiometric conditions. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 42:562–568

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Kaygili O, Dorozhkin SV, Keser S (2014) Synthesis and characterization of Ce-substituted hydroxyapatite by sol–gel method. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 42:78–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Kaygili O, Keser S, Al Orainy RH, Ates T, Yakuphanoglu F (2014) In vitro characterization of polyvinyl alcohol assisted hydroxyapatite derived by sol–gel method. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 35:239–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Dhand V, Rhee KY, Park SJ (2014) The facile and low temperature synthesis of nanophase hydroxyapatite crystals using wet chemistry. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 36:152–159

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Kavitha M, Subramanian R, Narayanan R, Udhayabanu V (2014) Solution combustion synthesis and characterization of strontium substituted hydroxyapatite nanocrystals. Powder Technol 253:129–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Klimavicius V, Kareiva A, Balevicius V (2014) Solid-state NMR study of hydroxyapatite containing amorphous phosphate phase and nanostructured hydroxyapatite: cut-off averaging of CP-MAS kinetics and size profiles of spin clusters. J Phys Chem C 118:28914–28921

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Garskaite E, Gross K-A, Yang S-W, Yang TC-K, Yang J-C, Kareiva A (2014) Effect of processing conditions on the crystallinity and structure of carbonated calcium hydroxyapatite (CHAp). Cryst Eng Commun 16:3950–3959

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  157. Dagys L, Klimavicius V, Kausteklis A, Chodosovskaja A, Aleksa V, Kareiva A, Balevicius V (2015) Solid-state H1 and P31 NMR and FTIR spectroscopy study of static and dynamic structures in sol–gel derived calcium hydroxyapatites. Lithuan J Phys 55:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  158. Bogdanoviciene I, Cepenko M, Traksmaa R, Kareiva A, Tonsuaadu K (2015) Formation of Ca–Zn–Na phosphate bioceramic material in thermal processing of EDTA sol–gel precursor. J Therm Anal Calorim 121:107–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Kareiva S, Selskis A, Ivanauskas F, Sakirzanovas S, Kareiva A (2015) Scanning electron microscopy: extrapolation of 3D data from SEM micrographs. Mater Sci 21:640–646

    Google Scholar 

  160. Kaygili O, Dorozhkin SV, Ates T, Gursoy NC, Keser S, Yakuphanoglu F, Selcuk AB (2015) Structural and dielectric properties of yttrium-substituted hydroxyapatites. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 47:333–338

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Dobosz J, Hull S, Zawadzki M (2016) Catalytic activity of cobalt and cerium catalysts supported on calcium hydroxyapatite in ethanol steam reforming. Pol J Chem Technol 18:59–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Kareiva S, Klimavicius V, Momot A, Kausteklis J, Prichodko A, Dagys L, Ivanauskas F, Sakirzanovas S, Balevicius V, Kareiva A (2016) Sol–gel synthesis, phase composition, morphological and structural characterization of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2: XRD, FTIR, SEM, 3D SEM and solid-state NMR studies. J Mol Struct 1119:1–11

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Bandgar SS, Yadav HM, Shirguppikar SS, Shinde MA, Shejawal RV, Kolekar TV, Bamane SR (2017) Enhanced hemolytic biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite by chromium (Cr3+) doping in hydroxyapatite nanoparticles synthesized by solution combustion method. J Korean Ceram Soc 54:158–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Bogdanoviciene I, Beganskiene A, Kareiva A (2017) Sol–gel synthesis and characterization of samarium and manganese substituted calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. In: Saravanan R (ed) Contemporary dielectric materials, vol 7, chapter 4. Materials Research Forum LLC, Millersville. p 31–44

  165. Rajendran A, Kulandaivelu R, Nellaiappan SN (2017) Crystalline selenite substituted carbonated hydroxyapatite nanorods: synthesis, characterization, evaluation of bioactivity and cytotoxicity. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 14:68–76

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Badran H, Yahia IS, Hamdy MS, Awwad NS (2017) Lithium-doped hydroxyapatite nano-composites: synthesis, characterization, gamma attenuation coefficient and dielectric properties. Radiat Phys Chem 130:85–91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Klinkaewnarong J, Utara S (2017) Preparation and characterization of nanohydroxyapatite by modified sol–gel method with natural rubber latex as a templating agent. Inorg Nano-Met Chem 47:340–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  168. Robles-Aguila MJ, Reyes-Avendano JA, Mendoza ME (2017) Structural analysis of metal-doped (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) calcium hydroxyapatite synthetized by a sol–gel microwave-assisted method. Ceram Int 43:12705–12709

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Nazeer MA, Yilgor E, Yagci MB, Unal U, Yilgor I (2017) Effect of reaction solvent on hydroxyapatite synthesis in sol–gel process. R Soc Open Sci 4:171098

  170. Phatai P, Futalan CM, Utara S, Khemthong P, Kamonwannasit S (2018) Structural characterization of cerium-doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted sol–gel technique. Results Phys 10:956–963

    Article  Google Scholar 

  171. Dastoorian F, Salem A, Salem S (2018) Fabrication of poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite nano-particles by rapid auto-ignition route as efficient adsorbent for removal of disperse blue dye. J Alloy Compd 766:729–738

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  172. Negrila CC, Predoi MV, Iconaru SL, Predoi D (2018) Development of zinc-doped hydroxyapatite by sol–gel method for medical applications. Molecules 23:2986

  173. Shalini B, Kumar AR, Saral AM (2018) Synthesis of pure hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) by the sol–gel method and the antibiotic loaded in the presence of natural polymer for the application of drug delivery. Adv Sci Lett 24:5523–5526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  174. Kaygili O, Keser S, Bulut N, Ates T (2018) Characterization of Mg-containing hydroxyapatites synthesized by combustion method. Phys B Condes Matter 537:63–67

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Lakshmanaperumal S, Mahendran C (2018) Structural, dielectric, cytocompatibility, and in vitro bioactivity studies of yttrium and strontium co-substituted nano-hydroxyapatite by sol–gel method. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 88:296–308

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  176. Lakshmanaperumal S, Mahendran C, Deepalekshmi P, Hemalatha P, Mariam Al Ali A-M (2019) Investigation of antimicrobial properties and in-vitro bioactivity of Ce3+–Sr2+ dual-substituted nano hydroxyapatites. J Am Ceram Soc 102:144–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Shalini B, Kumar AR (2019) A comparative study of hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) using sol–gel and co-precipitation methods for biomedical applications. J Ind Chem Soc 96:25–28

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Shih WJ, Wang JW, Wang MC, Hon MH (2006) A study on the phase transformation of the nanosized hydroxyapatite synthesized by hydrolysis using in situ high temperature X-ray diffraction. Mater Sci Eng C 26:1434–1438

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  179. Balamurugan A, Balossier G, Torres P, Michel J, Ferreira JMF (2009) Sol–gel synthesis and spectrometric structural evaluation of strontium substituted hydroxyapatite. Mater Sci Eng C 29:1006–1009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  180. Padmanabhan SK, Balakrishnan A, Chu MC, Lee YJ, Kim TN, Cho SJ (2009) Sol–gel synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite nanorods. Particuology 7:466–470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Sanosh KP, Chu MC, Balakrishnan A, Lee YJ, Kim TN, Cho SJ (2009) Synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite powder that simulate teeth particle morphology and composition. Curr Appl Phys 9:1459–1462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  182. Seema K, Uma B, Suchita K (2012) Transformations in sol–gel synthesized nanoscale hydroxyapatite calcined under different temperatures and time conditions. J Mater Eng Perform 21:1737–1743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Minh DP, Rio S, Sharrock P, Sebei H, Lyczko N, Tran ND, Raii M, Nzihou A (2014) Hydroxyapatite starting from calcium carbonate and orthophosphoric acid: synthesis, characterization, and applications. J Mater Sci 49:4261–4269

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  184. dos Santos ML, Riccardi CS, Noronha AL, Filho ED, Olyveira GM, Guastaldi AC (2015) Influence of aging time of the sol on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite powders using Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and H3PO4 as precursors. Mater Focus 4:189–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Waheed S, Sultan M, Jamil T, Hussain T (2015) Comparative analysis of hydroxyapatite synthesized by sol–gel, ultrasonication and microwave assisted technique. Mater Today Proc 2:5477–5484

    Article  Google Scholar 

  186. Sanyal V, Raja CR (2016) Synthesis, characterization and in-vitro studies of strontium-zinc co-substituted fluorohydroxyapatite for biomedical applications. J Non-Cryst Solids 445:81–87

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Sanyal V, Raja CR (2016) Structural and antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite and fluorohydroxyapatite co-substituted with zirconium-cerium ions. Appl Phys A 122:132

  188. Ben-Arfa BAE, Salvado IMM, Ferreira JMF, Pullar RC (2017) Novel route for rapid sol–gel synthesis of hydroxyapatite, avoiding ageing and using fast drying with a 50-fold to 200-fold reduction in process time. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 70:796–804

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Sanyal V, Raja CR (2017) Influence of sol–gel derived strontium-cerium co-substitution in fluorohydroxyapatite and its in-vitro bioactivity. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 83:596–608

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Liu W, Qian GM, Liu LL, Zhang B, Fan XY (2018) A simple method to controlled synthesis of nano hydroxyapatite in different particle size. Mater Lett 217:177–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  191. Turk S, Altinsoy I, Efe GC, Ipek M, Ozacar M, Bindal C (2019) Effect of solution and calcination time on sol–gel synthesis of hydroxyapatite. J Bionic Eng 16:311–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  192. Kandori K, Mitsui M (2014) Synthesis and characterization of Ti(IV)-substituted calcium hydroxyapatite particles by forced hydrolysis of Ca(OH)2-Na5P3O10-TiCl4 mixed solution. Colloid Polym Sci 292:2849–2856

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  193. Jimenez-Flores Y, Suarez-Quezada M, Rojas-Trigos JB, Lartundo-Rojas L, Suarez V, Mantilla A (2017) Characterization of Tb-doped hydroxyapatite for biomedical applications: optical properties and energy band gap determination. J Mater Sci 52:9990–10000

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Jimenez-Flores Y, Suarez-Quezada M, Rojas-Trigos JB, Suarez V, Mantilla A (2017) Sol–gel synthesis of Tb-doped hydroxyapatite with high performance as photocatalyst for 2, 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid mineralization. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 92:1521–1530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Phatai P, Futalan CM, Kamonwannasit S, Khemthong P (2019) Structural characterization and antibacterial activity of hydroxyapatite synthesized via sol–gel method using glutinous rice as a template. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 89:764–775

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Jamarun N, Sari TP, Drajat S, Azharman Z, Asril A (2015) Effect of pH variation on hydroxyapatite synthesis through sol–gel method. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 6:1065–1069

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Jamarun N, Miftahurrahmi, Septiani U (2016) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite from halaban limestone by sol–gel method. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 7:2956–2961

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Trinkunaite-Felsen J, Prichodko A, Semasko M, Skaudzius R, Beganskiene A, Kareiva A (2015) Synthesis and characterization of iron-doped/substituted calcium hydroxyapatite from seashells Macoma balthica (L.). Adv Powder Technol 26:1287–1293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  199. Trinkunaite-Felsen J, Birkedal H, Zarkov A, Tautkus S, Stankeviciute Z, Kareiva A (2016) Environmentally benign fabrication of calcium hydroxyapatite using seashells collected in Baltic sea countries: a comparative study. Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Relat Elem 191:919–925

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  200. Zhong SN, Wen ZL, Chen JD, Li Q, Shi XT, Ding S, Zhang QQ (2017) Effects for rapid conversion from abalone shell to hydroxyapaptite nanosheets by ionic surfactants. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 77:708–712

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Azis Y, Adrian M, Alfarisi CD, Khairat, Sri RM (2018) Synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles from egg shells by sol–gel method. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 345:012040

  202. Putra WA, Jamarun N, Agustien A, Zilfa, Septiani U, Safni (2019) Hydroxyapatite and Zn-hydroxyapatite synthesis using calcium from lake Maninjau Pensi shells and resistance testo n bacteria. Int J Pharm Sci Res 10:2993–2997

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Grigoraviciute-Puroniene I, Zarkov A, Tsuru K, Ishikawa K, Kareiva A (2019) A novel synthetic approach for the calcium hydroxyapatite from the food products. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 91:63–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Smalenskaite A, Vieira DEL, Salak AN, Ferreira MGS, Katelnikovas A, Kareiva A (2017) A comparative study of co-precipitation and sol–gel synthetic approaches to fabricate cerium-substituted MgeAl layered double hydroxides with luminescence properties. Appl Clay Sci 143:175–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Smalenskaite A, Pavasaryte L, Yang TCK, Kareiva A (2019) Undoped and Eu3+ doped magnesium-aluminium layered double hydroxides: peculiarities of intercalation of organic anions and investigation of luminescence properties. Materials 12(736):1–14

    Google Scholar 

  206. Salinas AJ, Vallet-Regi M (2009) The sol–gel production of bioceramics. Key Eng Mater 391:141–158

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Hong YL, Fan HS, Li B, Guo B, Liu M, Zhang XD (2010) Fabrication, biological effects, and medical applications of calcium phosphate nanoceramics. Mater Sci Eng R Rep. 70:225–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  208. Cardoso DA, Jansen JA, Leeuwenburgh SCG (2012) Synthesis and application of nanostructured calcium phosphate ceramics for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater 100B:2316–2326

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Dorozhkin SV (2014) Nanodimensional and nanocrystalline calcium orthophosphates. Front Nanobiomed Res 2:219–341

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Chen F, Zhu YJ (2014) Multifunctional calcium phosphate nanostructured materials and biomedical applications. Curr Nanosci 10:465–485

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  211. Han YC, Wang XY, Li SO, Ma XH (2009) Synthesis of terbium doped calcium phosphate nanocrystalline powders by citric acid sol–gel combustion method. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 49:125–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Khimich NN, Eller ND, Khimich EN, Danilovich DM, Golikova EV (2010) Sol–gel synthesis of a ceramic based on calcium phosphate. Russ J Appl Chem 83:2094–2099

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Ghosh R, Sarkar R (2016) Synthesis and characterization of sintered beta-tricalcium phosphate: a comparative study on the effect of preparation route. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 67:345–352

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  214. He WM, Xie YF, Xing QG, Ni PL, Han YC, Dai HL (2017) Sol–gel synthesis of biocompatible Eu3+/Gd3+ co-doped calcium phosphate nanocrystals for cell bioimaging. J Lumin 192:902–909

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  215. Bakan F, Kara G, Cakmak MC, Cokol M, Denkbas EB (2017) Synthesis and characterization of amino acid-functionalized calcium phosphate nanoparticles for siRNA delivery. Colloids Surf B Interfaces 158:175–181

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Fellah BH, Layrolle P (2009) Sol–gel synthesis and characterization of macroporous calcium phosphate bioceramics containing microporosity. Acta Biomater 5:735–742

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  217. Wang JX, Zhao HC, Zhou SB, Lu X, Feng B, Duan CH, Weng J (2009) One-step in situ synthesis and characterization of sponge-like porous calcium phosphate scaffolds using a sol–gel and gel casting hybrid process. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 90A:401–410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Hanifi A, Fathi MH, Sadeghi HMM, Varshosaz J (2010) Mg2+ substituted calcium phosphate nano particles synthesis for non viral gene delivery application. J Mater Sci Mater Med 21:2393–2401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  219. Sanosh KP, Chu MC, Balakrishnan A, Kim TN, Cho SJ (2010) Sol–gel synthesis of pure nano sized beta-tricalcium phosphate crystalline powders. Curr Appl Phys 10:68–71

    Article  Google Scholar 

  220. Houmard M, Fu Q, Saiz E, Tomsia AP (2012) Sol–gel method to fabricate CaP scaffolds by robocasting for tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med 23:921–930

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Singh RP, Batra U (2016) Structure and properties of silver-doped calcium phosphate nanopowders. Bull Mater Sci 39:1285–1294

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Bucur AI, Bucur R, Vlase T, Doca N (2012) Thermal analysis and high-temperature X-ray diffraction of nano-tricalcium phosphate crystallization. J Therm Anal Calor 107:249–255

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Donanzam BA, Campos TPR, Dalmazio I, Valente ES (2013) Synthesis and characterization of calcium phosphate loaded with Ho-166 and Sm-153: a novel biomaterial for treatment of spine metastazes. J Mater Sci Mater Med 24:2873–2880

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Nawawi NA, Sopyan I, Ramesh S, Afzeri (2011) Phase behaviour of manganese-doped biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics synthesized via sol–gel method. Asia Pac J Chem Eng 6:823–831

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  225. Sopyan I, Nawawi NA, Shah QH, Ramesh S, Tan CY, Hamdi M (2011) Sintering and properties of dense manganese-doped calcium phosphate bioceramics prepared using sol–gel derived nanopowders. Mater Manufact Process 26:908–914

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Basu S, Ghosh A, Barui A, Basu B (2018) (Fe/Sr) codoped biphasic calcium phosphate with tailored osteoblast cell functionality. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 4:857–871

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  227. Basu S, Ghosh A, Barui A, Basu B (2019) Epithelial cell functionality on electroconductive Fe/Sr co-doped biphasic calcium phosphate. J Biomater Appl 33:1035–1052

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  228. Tilkin RG, Mahy JG, Regibeau N, Grandfils C, Lambert SD (2019) Optimization of synthesis parameters for the production of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics via wet precipitation and sol–gel process. Chem Sel 4:6634–6641

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Nazemi Z, Nazarpak MH, Mehdikhani-Nahrkhalaji M, Staji H, Kalani MM (2014) Synthesis, characterisation and antibacterial effects of sol–gel derived biphasic calcium phosphate nanopowders. Micro Nano Lett 9:403–406

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Windarti T, Darmawan A, Marliana A (2019) Synthesis of β-TCP by sol–gel method: variation of Ca/P molar ratio. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 509:012147

  231. Gozalian A, Behnamghader A, Daliri M, Moshkforoush A (2011) Synthesis and thermal behavior of Mg-doped calcium phosphate nanopowders via the sol gel method. Sci Iran 18:1614–1622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  232. Sanchez-Salcedo S, Vila M, Diaz A, Acosta C, Barton I, Escobar A, Vallet-Regi M (2016) Synthesis of HA/beta-TCP bioceramic foams from natural products. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 79:160–166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Tas AC, Bhaduri SB (2004) Chemical processing of CaHPO4·2H2O: its conversion to hydroxyapatite. J Am Ceram Soc 87:2195–2200

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Eshtiagh-Hosseini H, Houssaindokht MR, Chahkandhi M, Youssefi A (2008) Preparation of anhydrous dicalcium phosphate, DCPA, through sol–gel process, identification and phase transformation evaluation. J Non-Cryst Solids 354:3854–3857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Tokudome Y, Miyasaka A, Nakanishi K, Hanada T (2011) Synthesis of hierarchical macro/mesoporous dicalcium phosphate monolith via epoxide-mediated sol–gel reaction from ionic precursors. J Sol–Gel Sci Technol 57:269–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Konishi T, Nagano Y, Maegawa M, Lim PN, Thian ES (2019) Effect of copper substitution on the local chemical structure and dissolution property of copper-doped β-tricalcium phosphate. Acta Biomater 91:72–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  237. Kaygili O, Keser S, Ates T, Yakuphanoglu F (2013) Synthesis and characterization of lithium calcium phosphate ceramics. Ceram Int 39:7779–7785

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  238. Kaygili O (2015) Synthesis and characterization of paramagnetic Mn doped Ca2P2O7 ceramics by sol–gel method. J Ceram Process Res 16:54–58

    Google Scholar 

  239. Mehdikhani B, Borhani GH (2015) Synthesis nano bio-ceramic powder β-Ca2P2O7. J Ceram Process Res 16:308–312

    Google Scholar 

  240. Windarti T, Taslimah, Haris A, Astuti Y, Darmawan A (2017) Synthesis of β-calcium pyrophosphate by sol–gel method. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng 172: 012058

  241. Song RQ, Hoheisel TN, Sai H, Li Z, Carloni JD, Wang S, Youngman RE, Baker SP, Gruner SM, Wiesner U, Estroff LA (2016) Formation of periodically-ordered calcium phosphate nanostructures by block copolymer-directed self-assembly. Chem Mater 28:838–847

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  242. Karimi M, Hesaraki S, Alizadeh M, Kazemzadeh A (2016) Synthesis of calcium phosphate nanoparticles in deep-eutectic choline chloride-urea medium: Investigating the role of synthesis temperature on phase characteristics and physical properties. Ceram Int 42:2780–2788

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  243. Kalidoss M, Basha RY, Doble M, Kumar TSS (2019) Theranostic calcium phosphate nanoparticles with potential for multimodal imaging and drug delivery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 7:126

  244. Boccaccini AR, Erol M, Stark WJ, Mohn D, Hong ZK, Mano JF (2010) Polymer/bioactive glass nanocomposites for biomedical applications: a review. Compos Sci Technol 70:1764–1776

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  245. Balgova Z, Palou M, Wasserbauer J, Kozankova J (2013) Synthesis of poly(vinyl alcohol)—hydroxyapatite composites and characterization of their bioactivity. Centr Eur J Chem 11:1403–1411.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Beganskiene A, Stankeviciute Z, Malakauskaite M, Bogdanoviciene I, Mikli V, Tõnsuaadu K, Kareiva A (2013) Sol–gel approach to the calcium phosphate nanocomposites. Proceedings of The 37th Int’l Conf & Expo on Advanced Ceramics & Composites (ICACC2013). In: Mathur S, Hernandez-Ramirez F, Kirihara S, Widjaja S (eds) Nanostructured materials and nanotechnology VII, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ, p 1–11

  247. Wang RM, Sun KQ, Wang JF, He YF, Song PF, Xiong YB (2016) Preparation and application of natural polymer/hydroxyapatite composite. Prog Chem 28:885–895

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Yu XN, Zhao TF, Qi YY, Luo JY, Fang JH, Yang XY, Liu XN, Xu TJ, Yang QM, Gou ZR, Dai XS (2018) In vitro chondrocyte responses in Mg-doped wollastonite/hydrogel composite scaffolds for osteochondral interface regeneration. Sci Rep 8:17911

  249. Boudemagh D, Venturini P, Fleutot S, Cleymand F (2019) Elaboration of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and chitosan/hydroxyapatite composites: a present status. Polym Bull 76:2621–2653

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Fabbri P, Bondioli F, Messori M, Bartoli C, Dinucci D, Chiellini F (2010) Porous scaffolds of polycaprolactone reinforced with in situ generated hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med 21:343–351

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. D’Anto V, Raucci MG, Guarino V, Martina S, Valletta R, Ambrosio L (2016) Behaviour of human mesenchymal stem cells on chemically synthesized HA-PCL scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 10:E147–E154

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  252. Garskaite E, Alinauskas L, Drienovsky M, Krajcovic J, Cicka R, Palcut M, Jonusauskas L, Malinauskas M, Stankeviciute Z, Kareiva A (2016) Fabrication of composite of nanocrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite (cHAP) with polylactic acid (PLA) and its surface topographical structuring with direct laser writing (DLW). RSC Adv 6:72733–72743

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  253. Starbova K, Krumov E, Karashanova D, Starbov N (2009) Polyoxyethylene assisted electrospinning of nanofibers from calcium phosphate sol solution. J Optoelectron Adv Mater 11:1319–1322

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  254. Pena J, Izquierdo-Barba I, Garcia MA, Vallet-Regi M (2006) Room temperature synthesis of chitosan/apatite powders and coatings. J Eur Ceram Soc 26:3631–3638

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Zhang S, Zhang X, Cai Q, Wang B, Deng XL, Yang XP (2010) Microfibrous beta-TCP/collagen scaffolds mimic woven bone in structure and composition. Biomed Mater 5:065005

  256. Pelin IM, Maier SS, Chitanu GC, Bulacovschi V (2009) Preparation and characterization of a hydroxyapatite-collagen composite as component for injectable bone substitute. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 29:2188–2194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  257. Kolanthai E, Ganesan K, Epple M, Kalkura SN (2016) Synthesis of nanosized hydroxyapatite/agarose powders for bone filler and drug delivery application. Mater Today Commun 8:31–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  258. Miyazaki T, Ohtsuki C, Tanihara M (2003) Synthesis of bioactive organic–inorganic nanohybrid for bone repair through sol–gel processing. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 3:511–515

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Golubevas R, Zarkov A, Alinauskas L, Stankeviciute Z, Balciunas G, Garskaite E, Kareiva A (2017) Fabrication and investigation of high-quality glass-ceramic (GC)-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite for regenerative medicine. RSC Adv 7:33558–33567

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Shamsi M, Karimi M, Ghollasi M, Nezafati N, Shahrousvand M, Kamali M, Salimi A (2017) In vitro proliferation and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts on nanocomposite scaffolds based on bioactive glass (64SiO2-31CaO-5P2O5)-poly-L-lactic acid nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning method. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 78:114–123

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  261. Buriti JD, Barreto MEV, Santos KO, Fook MVL (2018) Thermal, morphological, spectroscopic and biological study of chitosan, hydroxyapatite and wollastonite biocomposites. J Therm Anal Calorim 134:1521–1530

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  262. Andersson J, Areva S, Spliethoff B, Linden M (2005) Sol–gel synthesis of a multifunctional, hierarchically porous silica/apatite composite. Biomaterials 26:6827–6835

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  263. Zhao YF, Ma J (2009) Co-synthesis and drug delivery properties of mesoporous hydroxyapatite-silica composites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 9:3720–3727

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  264. Nair MB, Varma H, Shenoy SJ, John A (2010) Treatment of goat femur segmental defects with silica-coated hydroxyapatite-one-year follow-up. Tissue Eng Part A 16:385–391

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  265. Beheri HH, Mohamed KR, El-Bassyouni GT (2013) Mechanical and microstructure of reinforced hydroxyapatite/calcium silicate nano-composites materials. Mater Des 44:461–468

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  266. Dorozhkin S, Gunduz O, Oktar FN (2008) The differences between the direct and sol–gel syntheses of silicon-contained calcium phosphates. Key Eng Mater 361–363:107–110

    Google Scholar 

  267. Latifi SM, Fathi M, Varshosaz J (2015) The effect of acid and base catalysts on phase purity and dissolution behavior of sol–gel derived in situ silica coated apatite composite nanopowders. Ceram Int 41:9476–9481

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Latifi SM, Fathi M, Sharifnabi A, Varshosaz J (2017) In vitro characterisation of a sol–gel derived in situ silica-coated silicate an d carbonate co-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowder for bone grafting. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 75:272–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  269. DiCicco M, Goldfinger A, Guirand F, Abdullah A, Jansen SA (2004) In vitro tobramycin elution analysis from a novel beta-tricalcium phosphate-silicate-xerogel biodegradable drug-delivery system. J Biomed Mater Res Part B Appl Biomater 70B:1–20

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Dembski S, Milde M, Dyrba M, Schweizer S, Gellermann C, Klockenbring T (2011) Effect of pH on the synthesis and properties of luminescent SiO2/calcium phosphate:Eu3+ core-shell nanoparticles. Langmuir 27:14025–14032

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  271. Rusu MI, Stefan CR, Elisa M, Feraru ID, Vasiliu IC, Bartha C, Trusca RD, Vasile E, Peretz S (2018) CdS/ZnS-doped silico-phosphate films prepared by sol–gel synthesis. J Non-Cryst Solids 481:435–440

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Hernandez-Escolano M, Juan-Diaz MJ, Martinez-Ibanez M, Suay J, Goni I, Gurruchaga M (2013) Synthesis of hybrid sol–gel materials and their biological evaluation with human mesenchymal stem cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med 24:1491–1499

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  273. Shiekh RA, Ab Rahman I, Masudi SM, Luddin N (2014) Modification of glass ionomer cement by incorporating hydroxyapatite-silica nano-powder composite: sol–gel synthesis and characterization. Ceram Int 40:3165–3170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  274. Demirel M, Aksakal B (2015) Synthesis of novel Meerschaum (Sepiolite) derived bioceramics versus hydroxyapatite based bone grafts. Ceram Int 41:9251–9258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Aksakal B, Demirel M (2015) Synthesis and fabrication of novel cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) backbone biografts for biomedical applications. Ceram Int 41:4531–4537

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Encinas-Romero MA, Aguayo-Salinas S, Castillo SJ, Castillon-Barraza FF, Castano VM (2008) Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite-wollastonite composite powders by sol–gel processing. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 5:401–411

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Trinkunaite-Felsen J, Stankeviciute Z, Yang JC, Yang TCK, Beganskiene A, Kareiva A (2014) Calcium hydroxyapatite/whitlockite obtained from dairy products: simple, environmentally benign and green preparation technology. Ceram Int 40:12717–12722

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  278. Ponta O, Ciceo-Lucacel R, Vulpoi A, Radu T, Simon V, Simon S (2015) Synthesis and characterisation of nanostructured silica-powellite-HAP composites. J Mater Sci 50:577–586

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  279. Fuji E, Kawabata K, Yoshimatsu H, Tsuru K, Hayakawa S, Osaka A (2005) Preparation of aluminum oxide-hybridized hydroxyapatite powder by the sol–gel method. J Ceram Soc Jpn 113:241–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  280. Brie IC, Soritau O, Dirzu N, Berce C, Vulpoi A, Popa C, Todea M, Simon S, Perde-Schrepler M, Virag P, Barbos O, Chereches G, Berce P, Cernea V (2014) Comparative in vitro study regarding the biocompatibility of titanium-base composites infiltrated with hydroxyapatite or silicatitanate. J Biol Eng 8:14

  281. Yusoff AHM, Salimi MN, Jamlos MF (2017) Synthesis of superparamagnetic hydroxyapatite core-shell nanostructure by a rapid sol–gel route. E-J Surf Sci Nanotechnol 15:121–126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  282. Gnaneshwar PV, Sudakaran SV, Abisegapriyan S, Sherine J, Ramakrishna S, Ab Rahim MH, Yusoff MM, Jose R, Venugopal JR (2019) Ramification of zinc oxide doped hydroxyapatite biocomposites for the mineralization of osteoblasts. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 96:337–346

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  283. Yelten A, Yilmaz S (2019) A novel approach on the synthesis and characterization of bioceramic composites. Ceram Int 45:15375–15384

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  284. Cummings H, Han WG, Vahabzadeh S, Elsawa SF (2017) Cobalt-doped brushite cement: preparation, characterization, and in vitro interaction with osteosarcoma cells. JOM 69:1348–1353

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  285. Batebi K, Khazaei BA, Afshar A (2018) Characterization of sol–gel derived silver/fluor-hydroxyapatite composite coatings on titanium substrate. Surf Coat Technol 352:522–528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  286. Barna AS, Ciobanu G, Luca C, Luca AC (2015) Nanohydroxyapatite—calcium fructoborate composites synthesis and characterization. Rev Chim 66:1618–1621

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  287. Precnerova M, Bodigova K, Frajkorova F, Galuskova D, Novakova ZV, Vojtassak J, Lences Z, Sajgalik P (2015) In vitro bioactivity of silicon nitride-hydroxyapatite composites. Ceram Int 41:8100–8108

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  288. Raucci MG, Giugliano D, Longo A, Zeppetelli S, Carotenuto G, Ambrosio L (2017) Comparative facile methods for preparing graphene oxide-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 11:2204–2216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  289. Singh V, Devi S, Pandey VS, Bharj RS, Tyagi S (2018) Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes doped hydroxyapatite nanoceramic for orthopedic applications. Trans Ind Inst Met 71:177–183

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

AK would like to express sincere gratitude for Fellowship administrated by The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). Fellow’s ID No.: L12546.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, Japan

    Kunio Ishikawa

  2. Wood Science and Engineering, Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Forskargatan 1, SE-931 87, Skellefteå, Sweden

    Edita Garskaite

  3. Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko 24, LT-03225, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Edita Garskaite & Aivaras Kareiva

Authors
  1. Kunio Ishikawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Edita Garskaite
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aivaras Kareiva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aivaras Kareiva.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ishikawa, K., Garskaite, E. & Kareiva, A. Sol–gel synthesis of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials—A review of environmentally benign, simple, and effective synthesis routes. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 94, 551–572 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05245-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05245-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation