Abstract
The structure and properties of polymer film are greatly affected by the patterns on its surface arising from solution convection. Therefore, it is necessary to explore more detail mechanism of pattern formation. Herein, we have successfully designed variable patterns on the surface of cellulose films via roller coating method. The cellulose with three degrees of polymerization was used as raw material, and a solution of N,N-dimethyl-acetamide/lithium chloride (DMAc-LiCl) was selected as the solvent system. The pattern variations were controlled by the solution viscosity, which was affected by the degree of polymerization of cellulose, concentration and temperature of solution. The formation process of the pattern on cellulose film was in situ tracked by video recording with the help of carbon black tracker. It was found that the solution moved from the edge of the cell pattern to the center at a relatively lower viscosity (η < 8.06 Pa s), and finally formed a polygon pattern with the convex center. With the increasing of the solution viscosity (η ≥ 8.06 Pa s), the direction of its convection was completely opposite and a circular or circular-like combination pattern with concave center appeared on the surface of the cellulose film. The higher the viscosity, the larger the concave area. Moreover, the film with polygon pattern demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, and also exhibited a potential anti-counterfeiting value. These results could provide guidance in perfecting the theory of polymer fluid, and regulating the structure and properties of polymer products.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Assenheimer M, Khaykovich B, Steinberg V (1994) Phase separation of a critical binary mixture subjected to a temperature gradient. Phys A Stat Mech Appl 208(3–4):373–393
Bassou N, Rharbi Y (2009) Role of Bénard-Marangoni instabilities during solvent evaporation in polymer surface corrugations. Langmuir ACS J Surf Colloids 25(1):624–632
Cserepes L, Rabinowicz M (1985) Gravity and convection in a two-layer mantle. Earth Plan Sci Lett 76(1):193–207
Cui L, Han Y (2005) Honeycomb pattern formation via polystyrene/poly(2-vinylpyridine) phase separation. Langmuir 21(24):11085–11091
Hohenberg PC, Swift JB (1987) Hexagons and rolls in periodically modulated Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 35(35):3855–3873
Kaur P, Singh J (2017) Heat transfer in thermally modulated two-dimensional Rayleigh Bénard convection. Int J Thermal Sci 114(complete):35–43
Li M, Xu S, Kumacheva E (2000) Convection in polymeric fluids subjected to vertical temperature gradients. Macromolecules 33(13):4972–4978
Meyer CW, Cannell DS, Ahlers G, Swift JB, Hohenberg PC (1988) Pattern competition in temporally modulated Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Phys Rev Lett 61(8):947
Peng J, Han Y, Yang Y et al (2004) The influencing factors on the macroporous formation in polymer films by water droplet templating. Polymer 45(2):447–452
Ren XP, Zhou B, Wang CL (2012) Water-induced ethanol dewetting transition. J Chem Phys 137(2):349
Richter FM, Johnson CE (1974) Stability of a chemically layered mantle. J Geophys Res 79(11):1635–1639
Roppo MN, Davis SH, Rosenblat S (1984) Bénard convection with time-periodic heating. Phys Fluids 27(4):796–803
Sakurai S, Tanaka K, Nomura S (1993) Two-dimensional undulation pattern on free surface of polymer film cast from solution. Polymer 34(5):1089–1092
Shu Y, Lv J, Peng X, Zhang XM et al (2018) In situ controllable synthesis of Ag@AgCl in cellulose film and its effect on anti-fouling properties. Cellulose 25(9):5175–5184
Snijkers F, Kirkwood KM, Vlassopoulos D et al (2016) Viscoelasticity and nonlinear simple shear flow behavior of an entangled asymmetric exact comb polymer solution. J Rheol 60(3):451–463
Sun H, Kabb CP, Dai Y et al (2017) Macromolecular metamorphosis via stimulus-induced transformations of polymer architecture. Nat Chem 9(8):1–8
Yi CW, Liu JK, Meng DQ, Lv J, Zhang XM (2019) Preparation of chitin fastening Ag@AgCl composite film with decontamination properties by one step coagulation method. Composites B 160:667–683
You J, Zhang S, Huang G, Shi T, Li Y (2013) Solvent annealing induced phase separation and dewetting in PMMA/SAN blend film: film thickness and solvent dependence. J Chem Phys 138(24):2441–2446
Zhang XM, Shu Y, Su SP, Zhu J (2018) One-step coagulation to construct durable anti-fouling and antibacterial cellulose film exploiting Ag@AgCl nanoparticle-triggered photo-catalytic degradation. Carbohydr Polym 181:499–505
Zheng CH, Li CF, Jiang HH (2012) Numerical study of effect of polymer additives on heat transport in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection. Adv Mater Res 472:1283–1288
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the support by Excellent Youth Foundation of Hu’nan Educational Committee, China, for financial support (18B025), Natural Science Foundation of Hu’nan Province of China (2018JJ2260), and Opening Fund of Key laboratory of Chemical Biology and traditional Chinese Medicine Research, Hu’nan Normal University (KLCBTCM R201811).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, X., Meng, D., Guo, M. et al. Fabrication of natural cellulose films with pattern by viscosity regulation of its solution. Cellulose 27, 3947–3956 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03051-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03051-7