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Improved adsorption performance of rubber-based hydrogel: optimisation through response surface methodology, isotherm, and kinetic studies

  • Original Paper: Industrial and technological applications of sol-gel and hybrid materials
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Abstract

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye from its aqueous solution using rubber-based hydrogel. In this work, the adsorption of two rubber-based hydrogels, namely maleated liquid natural rubber/acrylic acid hydrogel (LNR-g-MaH/AAc) and maleated liquid natural rubber/acrylic acid/montmorillonite hydrogel (LNR-g-MaH/AAc/MMT), was optimised by response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The effects of various parameters, such as adsorbent mass and initial concentrations of MB, were examined. The hydrogels were characterised using field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and fourier-transform infrared (FTIR). A total of 13 experiments were conducted to establish a quadratic model. Among those two rubber-based hydrogels, LNR-g-MaH/AAc/MMT hydrogel had higher optimum adsorption efficiency with 99.07% of dye removal percentage. The optimum dye performance of LNR-g-MaH/AAc hydrogel was also effective as the dye removal percentage was about 95.46%. Those responses were recorded when the adsorbent mass and initial concentration of MB were optimally set as 0.55 g, and 5.50 mg L−1, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model was found to be best fitted to adsorption for those two hydrogels. The maximum adsorption capacities were 1.85 mg/g for LNR-g-MaH/AAc and 9.74 mg/g for LNR-g-MaH/AAc. Two kinetic models were tested to correlate the experimental data and the sorption was discovered to fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It was found that by introducing of montmorillonite (MMT) could improve the adsorption ability of the LNR-g-MaH/AAc hydrogel.

Highlights

  • We show that rubber-based hydrogel performs the best when intercalated with montmorillonite.

  • Rubber-based hydrogel with montmorillonite shows better adsorption capability towards methylene blue.

  • Rubber-based hydrogel has thermal stability and usable in any aqueous solution.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to kindly acknowledge Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) for the research grants (GUP-2017-004) and Centre of Research and Instrumentation (CRIM) at UKM for their facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Nor Hidayatika Ahmad, Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed & Siti Fairus M. Yusoff

  2. Polymer Research Centre (PORCE), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Siti Fairus M. Yusoff

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  1. Nor Hidayatika Ahmad
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Correspondence to Siti Fairus M. Yusoff.

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Ahmad, N.H., Mohamed, M.A. & Yusoff, S.F.M. Improved adsorption performance of rubber-based hydrogel: optimisation through response surface methodology, isotherm, and kinetic studies. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 94, 322–334 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05254-7

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