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Effects of Ultrafine Bismuth Powder on the Properties of Zinc Electrodes in Zinc-Air Batteries

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Abstract

Ultrafine spherical zinc powder prepared by direct-current arc plasma evaporation increased the capacity and life of zinc-air batteries. To decelerate the corrosion of the ultrafine zinc powder and improve the charge–discharge performance of the zinc-air batteries, we added different amounts of ultrafine bismuth powder to a zinc electrode. The hydrogen evolution rate of the Zn-Bi electrode and the properties of zinc-air batteries were investigated by hydrogen evolution experiments and electrochemical performance tests. The corrosion inhibition mechanism of the newly added bismuth powder on the zinc electrode was studied via x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that when the amount of the ultrafine bismuth powder was 1.5 wt.% of the zinc powder, the anticorrosion efficiency of the Zn-Bi electrode was the highest, reaching 53.8%. After the battery assembly, the Zn-Bi electrode reached a capacity retention rate of 84.6% and had a 21.7% higher specific capacity than that of a blank zinc electrode (419 mA h g−1 versus 344.3 mA h g−1) after 60 cycles. The ultrafine bismuth powder improved the nucleation efficiency, reduced the corrosion current, increased the polarization resistance threefold, and inhibited the formation of dendrites and corrosion, thereby increasing the battery specific capacity and cycle efficiency.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Jiangsu University Advantage Discipline Construction Project (Jiangsu Gov. Office issued 2018-10), the Top-notch Academic Programs Project of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (TAPP, PPZY2015B128) and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China

    Yuxin Da, Fangxia Zhao, Jingcheng Shi & Zhenzhong Zhang

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  1. Yuxin Da
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  2. Fangxia Zhao
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  3. Jingcheng Shi
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  4. Zhenzhong Zhang
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Correspondence to Fangxia Zhao.

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Da, Y., Zhao, F., Shi, J. et al. Effects of Ultrafine Bismuth Powder on the Properties of Zinc Electrodes in Zinc-Air Batteries. J. Electron. Mater. 49, 2479–2490 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-07978-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-07978-2

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