Abstract—
Saline and sodic soil sample was collected from salty beach. Polyvinyl alcohol borate hydrogel due to its cation attracting ability was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of excess cations responsible for the salinity and sodicity of soil. Experimental data were collected before treatment and after each treatment using 1 : 2 by weight soil to water extract method. Electrical conductivity and pH were observed. The amounts of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium ions were determined by flame photometry and atomic absorption spectrometry. From data it was evaluated that there is the decrease in electrical conductivity and amounts of cations after desalinating soil that was previously categorized as saline. Sodium adsorption ratio and exchangeable sodium percentage were also determined and found to decrease after treatment of soil sample with polyvinyl alcohol borate hydrogel. After treatment, soil becomes nonsaline but remains sodic. This was due to the fact that it has the higher sodium ion content in comparison with other cations. Thus, further remediation to decrease the sodicity of soil was suggested before its application for agricultural purposes.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Katerji, N., Van Hoorn, J.W., Hamdy, A., and Mastrorilli, M., Salinity effect on crop development and yield, analysis of salt tolerance according to several classification methods, Agric. Water Manage., 2003, vol. 62, no. 1, p. 37.
Kibblewhite, M.G., Ritz, K., and Swift, M.J., Soil health in agricultural systems, Philos. Trans. R. Soc., B, 2008, vol. 363, p. 685.
Tavakkoli, E., Rengasamy, P., and McDonald, G.K., The response of barley to salinity stress differs between hydroponic and soil systems, Funct. Plant Biol., 2010, vol. 37, p. 621.
Ramagopal, S., Salinity stress induced tissue-specific proteins in barley seedlings, Plant Physiol., 1987, vol. 84, p. 324.
Chartzoulakis, K.S. and Loupassaki, M.H., Effects of NaCl salinity on germination, growth, gas exchange and yield of green house egg plant, Agric. Water Manage., 1997, vol. 32, p. 215.
Allison, L.E., Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils, USDA Agricultural Handbook, US Salinity Laboratory Staff No. 60, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1954.
Sonon, L.S., Saha, U., and Kissel, D.E., Soil Salinity: Testing, Data Interpretation and Recommendations, UGA Cooperative Extension Circular 1019, Athens, Ga.: Univ. of Georgia, 2012.
Shirokova, Y., Forkutsa, I., and Sharafutdinova, N., Use of electrical conductivity instead of soluble salts for soil salinity monitoring in Central Asia, Irrigat. Drainage Syst., 2000, vol. 14, p. 199.
Hogg, T.J. and Henry, J.L., Comparison of 1:1 and 1:2 suspensions and extracts with the saturation extract in estimating salinity in Saskatchewan soils, Can. J. Soil Sci., 1984, vol. 64, p. 699.
Zhang, H., Schroder, J.L., Pittman, J.J., Wang, J.J., and Payton, M.E., Soil salinity using saturated paste and 1:1 soil to water extracts, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 2005, vol. 69, p. 1146.
Scianna, J., Logar, R., and Pick, T., Testing and Interpreting Salt-Affected Soil for Tree and Shrub Plantings, Plant Materials Technical Note No. MT-60, Washington, DC: Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), 2007.
Khan, F.I., Husain, T., and Hejazi, R., An overview and analysis of site remediation technologies, J. Environ. Manage., 2004, vol. 71, p. 95.
Shan, Y. and Wang, Q., Simulation of salinity distribution in the overlap zone with double point source drip irrigation using HYDRUS-3D, Aust. J. Crop Sci., 2012, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 238.
Rhoades, J.D., Lesch, S.M., Le Mert, R.D., and Alves, W.J., Assessing irrigation, drainage, salinity management using spatially reference salinity measurements, Agric. Water Manage., 1997, vol. 35, p. 147.
Chaum, S. and Kirdmanee, C., Remediation of salt-affected soil by the addition of organic matter – An investigation into improving glutinous rice productivity, Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.), 2011, vol. 68, no. 4, p. 406.
Wang, L., Sun, X., Li, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, W., and Zhai, P., Application of organic amendments to a coastal saline soil in North China: Effects on soil physical and chemical properties and tree growth, PLoS One, 2014, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 1.
Mosley, R., The effects of humates on remediation of hydrocarbon and salt contaminated soils, Proc. 5th International Petroleum Environmental Conference, Albuquerque, N.M., 1998.
Islam, J. and Singhal, N., A laboratory study of landfill-leachate transport in soils, Water Res., 2004, vol. 38, p. 2035.
Chaum, S., Pokasombat, Y., and Kirdmanee, C., Remediation of salt-affected soil by gypsum and farmyard manure – Importance for the production of jasmine rice, Aust. J. Crop Sci., 2011, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 458.
Clenio, L., Moreira, J., Teixeira, A.D.S., and Galvao, L.S., Laboratory salinization of Brazilian alluvial soils and the spectral effects of gypsum, Remote Sens., 2014, vol. 6, p. 2647.
Gharaibeh, M.A., Eltaif, N.I., and Shra’a, S.H., Desalination and desodification curves of highly saline-sodic soil amended with phosphoric acid and by-product gypsum, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev., 2012, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 39.
Sakai, Y., Ma, Y., Xu, C., Wu, H., Zhu, W., and Yang, J., Phytodesalination of a salt-affected soil with four halophytes in China, J. Arid Land Stud., 2012, vol. 22, no. 1, p. 17.
Abdul Kareem, A.W. and Nazzal, K.E., Phytoremediation of salt-affected soils at Al-Jazeera northern irrigation project, Ninavah Iraq, Mesopotamia J. Agric., 2013, vol. 41, no. 3, p. 294.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Alam, M.M., Bhowmik, P.C., Hossain, M.A., Rahman, M.M., Prasad, M.N.V., Ozturk, M., and Fujita, M., Potential use of halophytes to remediate saline soils, BioMed Res. Int., 2014, vol. 1, p. 1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdeen, Z.U., Saeed, R. Soil Desalination via Poly(vinyl alcohol) Borate Hydrogel. Theor Found Chem Eng 53, 1094–1098 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040579519060010
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0040579519060010