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Load Partitioning and Strain-Induced Martensite Formation during Tensile Loading of a Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

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Abstract

In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction and material modeling are used to investigate the strain-rate dependence of the strain-induced martensitic transformation and the stress partitioning between austenite and α′ martensite in a metastable austenitic stainless steel during tensile loading. Moderate changes of the strain rate alter the strain-induced martensitic transformation, with a significantly lower α′ martensite fraction observed at fracture for a strain rate of 10−2 s−1, as compared to 10−3 s−1. This strain-rate sensitivity is attributed to the adiabatic heating of the samples and is found to be well predicted by the combination of an extended Olson–Cohen strain-induced martensite model and finite-element simulations for the evolving temperature distribution in the samples. In addition, the strain-rate sensitivity affects the deformation behavior of the steel. The α′ martensite transformation at high strains provides local strengthening and extends the time to neck formation. This reinforcement is witnessed by a load transfer from austenite to α′ martensite during loading.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge Advanced Materials Science and Engineering (AMASE) Master Programme student Tao Qian for the work done with material modeling. The work was financially supported by the Swedish Research Council and the Outokumpu Research Foundation. Use of the APS was supported by the United States Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

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Author notes

  1. P. Hedström (Graduate Student, Researcher)

    Present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden

  2. M. Terner (Postdoctoral Researcher, Researcher)

    Present address: Rolls Royce Fuel Cell Systems, Loughborough, LE113GR, United Kingdom

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Engineering Materials, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden

    P. Hedström (Graduate Student, Researcher) & M. Terner (Postdoctoral Researcher, Researcher)

  2. Division of Material Mechanics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-971 87, Luleå, Sweden

    L. E. Lindgren (Professor)

  3. Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA

    J. Almer (Physicist) & U. Lienert (Physicist)

  4. Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA

    J. Bernier (Researcher)

  5. Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden

    M. Odén (Professor, Nanostructured Materials)

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  1. P. Hedström
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Correspondence to P. Hedström.

Additional information

Manuscript submitted September 26, 2007.

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Hedström, P., Lindgren, L.E., Almer, J. et al. Load Partitioning and Strain-Induced Martensite Formation during Tensile Loading of a Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel. Metall Mater Trans A 40, 1039–1048 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-009-9807-3

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