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An interactive agent-based framework for materialization-informed architectural design

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Abstract

Concepts of swarm intelligence are becoming increasingly relevant in the field of architectural design. An example is the use of agent-based modeling and simulation methods, which can help manage the complexity of building designs that feature many similar, but geometrically unique elements. Apart from leading to effective solutions and expanding the architectural design space, agent-based design methods can also be employed in integrated planning processes, in which the contributions of various disciplines take place in an integrated loop instead of being executed consecutively. We propose a computational framework for architectural design, in which agents represent building elements and/or joints between building elements. Behavior parameters, behavior weighting, and the environment can be modified in real-time while the agent system is running. Additionally, the designer can interact with individual agents directly, while slowing down or pausing agent movement if so desired. In the resulting design approach, the designer can globally adjust behavior parameters, while retaining local control over details where needed. To facilitate an integrative design process, domain-specific data and the results of external analysis can be included, either directly as input for agent behaviors, or by modifying the environment. We illustrate the potential of this computational framework using the example of the design of plate structures and show how this method can lead to quantifiable results while also attaining aesthetic goals. Furthermore, we provide an outlook toward possible further extensions of agent-based design methods in architecture.

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Notes

  1. McNeel: Rhinoceros 3D, www.rhino3d.com

  2. SOFiSTiK AG: SOFiSTiK—FEM, BIM, and CAD Software for Structural Engineers, www.sofistik.de

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Acknowledgements

This research has been partially funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of the Transregional Collaborative Research Center (SFB/Transregio) 141 ‘Biological Design and Integrative Structures.’ The authors would like to thank their colleague Ehsan Baharlou for the inspiration provided by his doctoral research on the theory of agent systems in architectural design.

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  1. Institute for Computational Design and Construction, Universität Stuttgart, Keplerstrasse 11, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany

    Abel Groenewolt, Tobias Schwinn, Long Nguyen & Achim Menges

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  1. Abel Groenewolt
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  4. Achim Menges
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Correspondence to Abel Groenewolt.

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Groenewolt, A., Schwinn, T., Nguyen, L. et al. An interactive agent-based framework for materialization-informed architectural design. Swarm Intell 12, 155–186 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11721-017-0151-8

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