Abstract
Shallow depth flow fields and low velocity magnitudes are often challenges for traditional velocity measuring instruments. As such, new techniques have been developed that provide more reliable velocity measurements under these circumstances. In the present study, the two-dimensional (2D) surface velocity field of shallow basins is assessed by means of Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV). The measurements are carried out at the water surface, which means that a laser light sheet is not needed. Depending on the time scales of the flow and the camera characteristics, it is even possible to work with a constant light source. An experimental application of this method is presented to analyze the effects of shallow basin geometry on flow characteristics in reservoirs where large coherent two-dimensional flow structures in the mixing layer dominate the flow characteristics. The flow and boundary conditions that give rise to asymmetric flow are presented. Asymmetric flow structures were observed starting from basin shape ratios that are less than or equal to 0.96. By decreasing the basin length and increasing the shape ratio to greater than 0.96, the flow structure generally tends towards a symmetric pattern.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adamsson, A., Stovin, V., and Bergdahl, L., Bed shear stress boundary condition for storage tank sedimentation, J. Environ. Eng.-ASCE, 129 (2003), No 7, 651–658.
Adrian, R. J., Particle-imaging techniques for experimental fluid mechanics, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 23 (1991), 261–268.
Chen, D. and Jirka, G., Absolute and convective instabilities of plane turbulent wakes in a shallow water layer. J Fluid Mech 338 (1997), 157–172
Dewals, B. J., Kantoush, S. A., Erpicum, S., Pirotton, M., and Schleiss, A. J., Analysis of flow instabilities in shallow rectangular basins, Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 8 (2008), No 31, 31–54.
Dersch, H., Dersch Helmu’s original home page. http://webuser.fh-furtwangen.de/~dersch/, (2003).
Emttea, R., Fujita, I., Muste, M. and Krufer, A., Particle Image Velocimetry for whole field measurement of ice velocities. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 26 (1997), 97–112.
Fujita, I. and Komura, S., Application of video image analysis for measurements of river-surface flows, Proc. Hydraul. Eng., JSCE 38 (1994), 733–738.
Fujita, I., Muste, M. and Kruger, A., Large scale Particle Image Velocimetry for flow analysis in hydraulic engineering applications, Journal of hydraulic Research, 36 (1998), No 3, 397–414.
Kantoush, S.A., Bollaert, E.F.R., Boillat, J.-L. and Schleiss, A.J., Suspended load transport in shallow basins, XXXI IAHR conference proceeding, September (2005), Seoul, South Korea
Kantoush, S.A., Bollaert, E.F.R., Boillat, J.-L., Schleiss, A.J., and Uijttewaal, W.S.J., Sedimentation Processes in Shallow basins with different geometries, IAHR Proc. of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, Lisboa, Portugal, (2006), 1623–1631.
Kantoush, S. A., Symmetric or asymmetric flow patterns in shallow rectangular basins with sediment transport, 32nd Congress of IAHR, John F. Kennedy student competition, 1–6 July, (2007), Venice, Italy.
Kantoush, S. A., De Cesare, G., Boillat, J.-L., and Schleiss, A. J. Flow field investigation in a rectangular shallow reservoir using UVP, LSPIV and numerical modeling. J. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, (2008), Vol. 19(3–4), PP. 139–144.
Kantoush, S. A., Bollaert, E., and Schleiss, A. J., Experimental and numerical modelling of sedimentation in a rectangular shallow basin, International Journal of Sediment Research, Vol. 23, No. 3, (2008), pp. 1–26.
Kantoush, S. A., and Schleiss, A. J., Channel Formation in Large Shallow Reservoirs with Different Geometries during Flushing, Journal of Environmental Technology, 30 (2009), No. 9, 1020–1032
Muste, M., Xiong, Z., Schöne,J. and Li, Z., Flow diagnostic in hydraulic modeling using image velocimetry, J. Hydraul. Eng. 130 (2004), No 3, 175–185.
Raffel, M., Willert, C. and Kompenhaus, J., Particle Image Velocimetry, Springer-Verlag (1997).
Shapira, M., Degani, D. and Weihs, D., Stability and existence of multiple solutions for viscous flow in suddenly enlarged channels, Comput. Fluids, 18 (1990), No 3, 239–258.
Uijttewaal, W.S.J., Lehmann, D. and Mazijk, A. van, Exchange processes between a river and its groyne fields: Model experiments, J. Hydr. Engrg.127 (2001), 928–936.
Willert C., Stereoscopic digital particle image velocimetry for application in wind tunnel flows, Meas Sci Technol 12(1997), 1465–1479
Weitbrecht, V., Kühn, G. and Jirka, G.H., Large scale PIV-measurements at the surface of shallow water flows, Flow Meas. and Instr. 13 (2002), 237–245.
Yuce, M. I. and Chen, D., An experimental investigation of pollutant mixing and trapping in shallow costal re-circulating flows. In Proc. the Int. Symp. On shallow flows, (2003) Part I:165–172, Delft, The Netherlands.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Sameh Ahmed Kantoush: completed his undergraduate studies at Alexandria University in the Civil Engineering Dept., Egypt, in 1997. After graduation, he worked in academic (Alexandria University and Arab Academy) and practical fields (Consulting Engineering Office and construction companies) for three years. From 2001 to 2003, he attended Saga University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Japan, and graduated with his Master thesis in water management and flood control. After joining the Laboratoire de Constructions Hydrauliques (LCH) at the Swiss Federal Institute, Switzerland, from 2003 to 2008, as a PhD student and research associate, he obtained Doctorate on the topic of reservoir sedimentation. He has been awarded a Swiss National Fund for Scientific Research (SNSF) awarded for a post doctoral research at Water Resources Research Centre, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan, in 2009.
Prof. Dr. Anton J. Schleiss graduated from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1978 with a degree in Civil Engineering. After joining the Laboratory of Hydraulic, Hydrology and Glaciology at ETH as a research associate and senior assistant, he obtained a Doctorate of Technical Sciences on the subject of pressure tunnel design in 1986. After that, he worked for 11 years for Electrowatt Engineering Ltd. and was involved in the design of many hydropower and water resources projects. Until 1996, he was Head of the Hydraulic Structures Section in the Hydropower Department at Electrowatt. In 1997, he was nominated for full professor and became Director of the Laboratory of Hydraulic Constructions (LCH) in the Civil Engineering Department of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). He is also involved as an international expert in several dam and hydropower plant projects all over the world, as well as flood protection projects mainly in Switzerland. In April 2006, he became Director of the Civil Engineering Department of EPFL. He is President of the Swiss Committee of Dams and also of the Swiss Committee of Flood Protection.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kantoush, S.A., Schleiss, A.J. Large-scale PIV surface flow measurements in shallow basins with different geometries. J Vis 12, 361–373 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03181879
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03181879