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2.4 Ga Mafic Dikes and Sills of Northern Fennoscandia: Petrology and Crustal Evolution

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Abstract

New petrographic, geochemical, and Sm-Nd isotopic data provide constraints on the petrogenesis of ca. 2400 Ma gabbronorite, picrodolerite and dolerite mafic sills and dikes in the Liinakhamari and Sorvaranger areas, Kola–Norwegian terrane, Northern Fennoscandia. The sills are differentiated. Their chilled margins are composed of porphyritic picrodolerite with olivine (Fo92-81) and clinopyroxene (Mg# = 85–80) phenocrysts enclosed by quenched groundmass with intergrows of fan-shaped branched plagioclase grains and clinopyroxenes. The bottom of the sills are usually composed of cumulative olivine gabbronorite upsection followed by olivine gabbro, gabbro, and quartz-bearing dolerites. Picrodolerite and dolerite dikes are close to chilled margins and evolved quartz-bearing dolerites from the upper parts of picrodolerite sills, correspondingly, in terms of mineral and chemical composition. The distribution of trace elements in sills sections is caused by fractionation crystallization of picrodolerite magma with a leading role of gravity settling of olivine phenocrysts. Variations of neodymium isotopic composition in the cumulative gabbronorites in the lower (εNd from –0.25 to +0.82) and dolerites in the upper (εNd from –0.85 to –2.4) parts of the sills are probably related with an addition of crustal contaminant into the magma after phenocrysts crystallization. Doleritic dikes have more radiogenic neodymium isotopic composition (εNd = –0.10) in comparison with dolerites of sills that suggests lower degrees of crustal contamination in dikes. Evaluation of conditions of phenocrysts crystallization using mineral thermobarometers and modelling of crystallization using alphaMELTS indicate that the main stage of the evolution of ca. 2400 Ma mafic melts was probably related with high degrees of fractional crystallization and crustal contamination of high-Mg (MgO ~ 18 wt %) primary melt in the upper crust at P =1–4 kbar. Ca. 2400 Ma mafic intrusions in the Kola–Norwegian terrane are similar with coeval mafic dikes in Troms area in the Northern Fennoscandia, basaltic komatiites of Vetreny Belt and doleritic dikes of Kostomuksha area in the Karelian Craton in terms of petrographic, geochemical and Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics. It suggests that studied mafic sills and dikes in the Kola–Norwegian terrane could be considered as a component of ca. 2400 Ma large igneous province in the Fennoscandia.

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Notes

  1. Mineral abbreviations: anorthite – An, forsterite – Fo. Magnesian number (Mg# ) of pyroxenes was calculated as Mg/(Mg + Fe), at %. Chromium number (Cr#) of spinels was calculated as Cr/(Cr + Al), at %.

  2. Representative analyses (EPMA, SEM) of olivines from picrodolerite sills and dikes of the Sorvaranger and Liinakhamari areas are given in ESM_1.exl (Suppl. 1); Representative analyses (EPMA, SEM) of clinopyroxenes from picrodolerite sills and picrodolerite and dolerite dikes of the Sorvaranger and Liinakhamari areas are given in ESM_2.xls (Suppl. 2); Representative analyses (EPMA, SEM) of orthopyroxenes from the picrodolerite sills of the Sorvaranger and Liinakhamari areas are given in ESM_3.xls (Suppl. 3); Representative analyses (EPMA) of spinel from the picrodolerite sills and dikes of the Sorvaranger and Liinakhamari areas are given in ESM_4.xls (Suppl. 4); The chemical composition of Paleoproterozoic (2.4 Ga) rocks of the Kola–Norwegian terrane are given in ESM_5.xls (Suppl. 5); The results of modeling of fractional crystallization using alphaMELTS 1.8 are given in ESM_6.xls (Suppl. 6) for the Russian and English on-line versions of the paper are on sites http://elibrary.ru and http://link.springer.com/ , respectively.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are grateful to Yu.A. Morozov (IFZ RAS) for the discussion of geological data on the mafic dikes and sills of the Liinakhamari area. P.A. Kepezhinskas, AS Kimberlitte, Norway, and I.S. Puchtel, Department of Geology, University of Maryland, USA, are thanked for their help field works in Norway. We also thank the reviewers, A.V. Girnis and A.A. Nosova, whose critical comments significantly improved the manuscript.

The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 16-17-10260).

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  1. Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetny 35, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    K. G. Erofeeva, A. V. Samsonov, Yu. O. Larionova & E. V. Kovalchuk

  2. Institute of Geology, Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushkinskaya 11, 185910, Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia

    A. V. Stepanova & S. V. Egorova

  3. Institute of Precambrian Geology and Geochronology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova 2, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia

    A. A. Arzamastsev

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  1. K. G. Erofeeva
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Erofeeva, K.G., Stepanova, A.V., Samsonov, A.V. et al. 2.4 Ga Mafic Dikes and Sills of Northern Fennoscandia: Petrology and Crustal Evolution. Petrology 27, 17–42 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0869591119010016

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