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Concentrations of metallic elements in long-range-transported aerosols measured simultaneously at three coastal sites in China and Japan

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Abstract

To determine the effects of long-range transport of aerosols from an upwind area in East Asia to a downwind area in Japan, we chemically analyzed aerosols collected simultaneously on Tuoji Island (Shandong Province, China), Fukue Island (Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan), and Cape Hedo (Okinawa Prefecture, Japan). We focused on changes in the metallic composition of PM2.5 aerosols during long-range transport. The average mass concentrations of PM2.5 at the three sites decreased in the order Tuoji Island > Fukue Island ≈ Cape Hedo (48.3 ± 4.5, 13.9 ± 1.5, and 13.2 ± 0.9 μg/m3, respectively). The fraction of coarse particles in total suspended particles estimated by (1–PM2.5/TSP) was highest on Cape Hedo, indicating that the contribution of sea salts was increased by long-range transport of the aerosols over the ocean. Enrichment factor analysis revealed that at all three sites, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Sr, and Ba originated from soil; whereas Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, and P appeared to be of anthropogenic origin. Na was the most abundant element on Cape Hedo, indicating the addition of sea salts during aerosol transport. The V concentration was highest at Fukue Island, which was ascribed to V emission from ships. Sixty-one percent of the V on Fukue Island and 62% of the V on Cape Hedo were determined to have originated from ships, implicating of data obtained on dates during which backward trajectory analysis indicated that the same air mass passed over Tuoji Island, Fukue Island, and Cape Hedo in that order.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Strategic Japanese–Chinese Cooperative Program on Climate Change (April 2012–March 2015) from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), China, and by the Global Environment Research Fund (5-1452) from the Ministry of the Environment of Japan. This work was supported in part by a Sasagawa Scientific Research Grant from the Japan Science Society.

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Author notes

  1. Kojiro Shimada

    Present address: School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan

  2. Shiro Hatakeyama

    Present address: Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama, 347-0115, Japan

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Global Innovation Research Organization, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan

    Kojiro Shimada & Shiro Hatakeyama

  2. Atmospheric Environmental Institute, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 8 Yangfang, Beiyuan Road, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100012, China

    Xiaoyang Yang, Xuan Chen & Fan Meng

  3. Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan

    Yushi Araki & Shiro Hatakeyama

  4. Center for Regional Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan

    Ayako Yoshino & Akinori Takami

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  1. Kojiro Shimada
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Correspondence to Kojiro Shimada.

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Shimada, K., Yang, X., Araki, Y. et al. Concentrations of metallic elements in long-range-transported aerosols measured simultaneously at three coastal sites in China and Japan. J Atmos Chem 75, 123–139 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9366-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9366-8

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