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Seed priming with calcium compounds abrogate fluoride-induced oxidative stress by upregulating defence pathways in an indica rice variety

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Abstract

The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the role of calcium compounds, viz., Ca(OH)2, Ca(NO3)2, and CaCl2 (each used at 0.3 mM and 0.5 mM concentration) as seed priming agents to ameliorate fluoride toxicity in rice. The stressed seedlings exhibited high fluoride bioaccumulation, severe growth retardation, and cellular damages. Calcium compounds improved plant performance by increasing seed germination, seedling biomass, and root and shoot length, avoiding chlorophyll degeneration and leakage of electrolytes, along with lowering the levels of malondialdehdye, H2O2, and endogenous fluoride. Calcium-regulated defence was mediated by proline synthesised due to increased Δ1-pyrroline 5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and lowered proline dehydrogenase (PDH) expression, and glycine betaine synthesised due to betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (BADH1) expression. While the stress-mediated lowering of carotenoids and total phenolics was relieved by calcium priming, stress-enhanced flavonoids and ascorbic acid content was restored to the normal condition, along with releasing the fluoride-induced inhibition of ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) activity. The activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and the expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase genes were also affected by calcium priming. The elevated endogenous calcium level, brought about by priming, enhanced the expression of genes related to calcium signalling pathway, particularly the calcineurin-B-like 10 (CBL10) gene. Ca(OH)2 (0.3 mM) appeared to be the most efficient of all the three priming agents. Overall, the present work highlighted the efficacy of calcium compounds as priming agents in abrogating fluoride toxicity in rice.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the valuable assistance of Dr. Mathummal Sudarshan, UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Center, India, for calcium analysis.

Author contribution statement

AS performed the experiments and generated data. AS and ARC drafted the manuscript. ARC supervised the entire work, provided critical comments, and suggested and incorporated necessary corrections or modifications within the manuscript. AB assisted AS in some of the experiments.

Funding

Financial assistance from the Science and Engineering Research Board, Government of India, through the grant (EMR/2016/004799) and the Department of Higher Education, Science and Technology and Biotechnology, Government of West Bengal, through the grant [264(Sanc.)/ST/P/S&T/1G-80/2017] to Dr. Aryadeep Roychoudhury is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700016, India

    Ankur Singh, Aditya Banerjee & Aryadeep Roychoudhury

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Key message

Seed priming with calcium compounds mitigate fluoride stress in rice seedlings by lowering fluoride accumulation and oxidative damages, and triggering the endogenous calcium level which stimulate the osmolytes, antioxidants, and calcium-dependent genes.

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Singh, A., Banerjee, A. & Roychoudhury, A. Seed priming with calcium compounds abrogate fluoride-induced oxidative stress by upregulating defence pathways in an indica rice variety. Protoplasma 257, 767–782 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-019-01460-5

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