Abstract
The clay minerals in the Upper Pleistocene sediments from DSDP Hole 478 (a drilled depth of 464 m) located in the central area of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, are studied. The composition of the clay minerals and their quantitative proportions in natural mixtures are determined by modeling of X-ray diffraction patterns for oriented specimens of finely dispersed particles. The terrigenous clay minerals are mainly dioctahedral (mixed-layer smectite–illite is dominant, the amount of illite is smaller) with admixtures of chlorite and kaolinite. They are distributed throughout the entire sedimentary section, except for thermally altered sediments from the contact zones with the top of the sills, where terrigenous dioctahedral clay minerals disappear, except for illite, and are substituted by trioctahedral mixed-layer chlorite–smectite and corrensite–chlorite; trioctahedral smectite also appears. Terrigenous illite is missing in the sediments at the base of the sedimentary cover exposed by the hole, on the top of the sill complex with a thickness of no less than 125 m.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
V. A. Drits and B. A. Sakharov, X-ray Analysis of Mixed-Layer Minerals (Nauka, Moscow, 1976) [in Russian].
V. B. Kurnosov, B. A. Sakharov, and E. V. Blinova, “Clay minerals in sediments of the hydrothermally active southern trough in the Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California),” Lithol. Miner. Resour., 51 (4), 243–261 (2016).
V. B. Kurnosov, B. A. Sakharov, A. R. Geptner, Yu. I. Konovalov, E. O. Goncharov, “Clay minerals in sediments from contact zones with basalt sills,” Lithol. Miner. Resour. 54 (3), 221–235 (2019).
J. L. Bischoff and W. E. Seyfried, “Hydrothermal chemistry of seawater from 250 to 350°C,” Am. J. Sci. 278, 838–860 (1978).
J. R. Curray and D. G. Moore, et al., Init. Repts. DSD-P. 64 (1) (1982).
V. A. Drits and C. Tchoubar, X-ray Diffraction by Disordered Lamellar Structures (Springer-Verlag, Heldenberg, 1990).
V. A. Drits, H. Lindgreen, and A. L. Salyn, “Determination by X-ray diffraction of content and sistribution of fixed ammonium in illite-smectite. Application to North Sea illite–smectite,” Am. Mineral. 82, 79–87 (1997).
J. M. Gieskes, H. Elderfield, J. R. Lawrence, J. Johnson, B. Meyers, and A. Campbell, “Geochemistry of interstitial waters and sediments, Leg 64, Gulf of California,” Init. Repts. DSDP 64 (2), 675–694 (1982).
M. Kastner, “Evidence for two distinct hydrothermal systems in the Guaymas Basin,” Init. Repts. DSDP 64 Part 2, 1143–1158 (1982).
P. Lonsdale, J. L. Bischoff, V. M. Burns, et al., “A high-temperature hydrothermal deposit on the seabed at a Gulf of California spreading center,” Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 49, 8–20 (1980).
D. G. Moore, “Plate-edge deformation and crustal growth, Gulf of California structural province,” Geology 84, 1883–1906 (1973).
B. A. Sakharov, H. Lindgreen, A. L. Salyn, and V. A. Drits, “Determination of illite–smectite structures using multispecimen X-ray diffraction profile filling,” Clays Clay Minerals 47, 555–566 (1999).
B. A. Sakharov and B. Lanson, “X-ray identification of mixed-layer structures,” Modeling of Diffraction Effects. Chapter 2.3. Handbook of Clay Science, 2-D Edition. Part B. Techniques and Applications, Ed. by F. Bergaya and G. Lagaly (Oxford: Elsevier, Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg, London, New York, 2013), pp. 51–135.
D. L. Williams, K. Becker, L. A. Lawver, and R. P. Von Herzen, “Heat flow at the spreading centers of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California,” J. Geophys. Res. 84, 6757–6796 (1979).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to T.D. Zelenova, A.L. Sokolova, and E.V. Pokrovskaya for the preparation of specimens and radiography of the samples.
Funding
This work was carried out under State Plan of Research Works no. 0135-2019-0053.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Recommended for publishing by I.B. Tsoy
Translated by L. Mukhortova
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kurnosov, V.B., Sakharov, B.A., Geptner, A.R. et al. Clay Minerals in Sediments from the Central Part of the Guaymas Basin, the Gulf of California, Hole 478. Russ. J. of Pac. Geol. 13, 479–491 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819714019050063
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1819714019050063