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Prevalence of Osteosarcopenia and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Iranian Older People: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program

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Abstract

Osteosarcopenia is an increasingly recognized geriatric syndrome with a considerable prevalence which increases morbidity and mortality. Although osteosarcopenia is a result of age-related deterioration in muscle and bone, there are many risk factors that provoking osteosarcopenia. These risk factors should be considered by the clinicians to treat osteosarcopenia. We assessed the link between osteosarcopenia and conventional risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. This study was a cross-sectional study that has been conducted within the framework of Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program stage II in which participants aged ≥ 60 years were included. Osteopenia/osteoporosis was defined as a t-score ≤  − 1.0 standard deviation below the mean values of a young healthy adult. We defined sarcopenia as reduced skeletal muscle mass plus low muscle strength and/or low physical performance. Osteosarcopenia was considered as the presence of both osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. We estimated the age-standardized prevalence of osteosarcopenia for men and women, separately. Using modified Poisson regression analysis, adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) with 95% CI was used to show the measure of associations in the final model. Among 2353 participants, 1205 (51.2%) were women. Age-standardized prevalence of osteosarcopenia was 33.8 (95% CI 31.0–36.5) in men and 33.9 (30.9–36.8) in women. In both sexes, the inverse association was detected with body mass index and having osteosarcopenia (PR 0.84, 95% CI 0.81–0.88 in men and 0.77, 95% CI 0.74–0.80 in women). In both sexes, high-fat mass was positively associated with osteosarcopenia [PR 1.46 (95% CI 1.11–1.92) in men, and 2.25 (95% CI 1.71–2.95) in women]. Physical activity had a significant inverse association in men (PR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.46, 0.88), but not in women. Diabetes was also showed a direct association with osteosarcopenia in men (PR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04–1.69). No associations were detected between the lipid profiles and osteosarcopenia. Results demonstrated a high prevalence of osteosarcopenia in both sexes suggesting a high disease burden in a rapidly aging country. Lifestyle and socioeconomic factors, as well as chronic diseases, were significantly associated with osteosarcopenia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 10-Jalal-e-ale-ahmad St, Chamran Hwy, P. O. Box, Tehran, 14117-13137, Iran

    Noushin Fahimfar, Ali Jalili & Afshin Ostovar

  2. School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

    Farbod Zahedi Tajrishi

  3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran

    Safoora Gharibzadeh

  4. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Gita Shafiee & Ramin Heshmat

  5. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Kiarash Tanha

  6. The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran

    Iraj Nabipour

  7. School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

    Alireza Raeisi

  8. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

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  1. Noushin Fahimfar
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Correspondence to Afshin Ostovar.

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Conflict of interest

Noushin Fahimfar, Farbod Zahedi Tajrishi, Safoora Gharibzadeh, Gita Shafiee, Kiarash Tanha, Ramin Heshmat, Iraj Nabipour, Alireza Raeisi, Ali Jalili, Bagher Larijani, and Afshin Ostovar declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

The BEH program was received the ethical approval of both Bushehr University of Medical Sciences and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the BEH program.

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Fahimfar, N., Zahedi Tajrishi, F., Gharibzadeh, S. et al. Prevalence of Osteosarcopenia and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Iranian Older People: Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) Program. Calcif Tissue Int 106, 364–370 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-019-00646-6

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