Abstract
The herbicidal potential of nine phenolic acids including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic, syringic, vanillic, gallic, salicylic, ferulic, p-coumaric and caffeic acid were evaluated against Corchorus olitorius and Phalaris minor weeds at the concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mM. The effectiveness of phenolic acids on germination depended on target seed, specific phenolic acid and concentration. The inhibitory effects varied between the two tested seeds, and P. minor was the more sensitive. With few exceptions, phenolic acids at all tested doses did not inhibit seed germination of C. olitorius, but the acids caused great inhibition effects on germination of P. minor. Salicylic acid nearly had a complete inhibition effect on germination of tested seeds when used at 20 mM. P-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, salicylic, vanillic and ferulic acids appeared great inhibition effects on germination of P. minor and nearly had complete inhibition effects when used at high dose. In a greenhouse trial, we found that application of phenolic acids at 5–20 mM did not produce any significant effect on growth on 5‑weeks-old C. olitorius or P. minor plants, after seven days from treatments. The study concluded that phenolic acids had diverse activities on germination and growth of C. olitorius or P. minor weeds.
Zusammenfassung
Das herbizide Potenzial von neun Phenolsäuren gegen die Unkräuter Corchorus olitorius und Phalaris minor, darunter p-Hydroxybenzoesäure, Protocatechusäure, Syringasäure, Vanillinsäure, Gallussäure, Salicylsäure, Ferulasäure, p-Cumarsäure und Kaffeesäure, wurde in Konzentrationen von 5, 10 und 20 mM bewertet. Die Wirkung der Phenolsäuren auf die Keimung war abhängig von den Zielsamen, der spezifischen Phenolsäure und der Konzentration. Die hemmenden Effekte variierten zwischen den beiden getesteten Samen, und P. minor war die empfindlichere. Bis auf wenige Ausnahmen hemmten die Phenolsäuren in allen getesteten Dosen die Samenkeimung von C. olitorius nicht, aber die Säuren hatten große Hemmwirkungen auf die Keimung von P. minor. Salicylsäure hatte in einer Konzentration von 20 mM eine fast vollständige Hemmwirkung auf die Keimung der getesteten Samen. P-Hydroxybenzoesäure, Protocatechusäure, Salicylsäure, Vanillin- und Ferulasäure zeigten große Hemmwirkungen auf die Keimung von P. minor und hatten bei Verwendung in hoher Dosis fast vollständige Hemmwirkungen. In einem Gewächshausversuch fanden wir heraus, dass die Anwendung von Phenolsäuren in Konzentrationen von 5–20 mM sieben Tage nach der Behandlung keinen signifikanten Effekt auf das Wachstum der 5 Wochen alten C. olitorius- oder P. minor-Pflanzen hatte. Die Studie kam zu dem Schluss, dass Phenolsäuren vielfältige Wirkungen auf die Keimung und das Wachstum von C. olitorius oder P. minor haben.
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R.A. El-Mergawi declares that he has no competing interests.
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El-Mergawi, R.A. Suitability of High Doses of Phenolic Acids for Controlling Corchorus Olitorius and Phalaris Minor Weeds. Gesunde Pflanzen 71, 261–269 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00470-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00470-w