Abstract
In this study, g-C3N4/Luffa sponge activated carbon fiber (LSACF) composite was prepared as a novel bio-based photocatalyst for RhB degradation. The physical and chemical properties of the materials were measured using multiple characterization methods, including scanning electronic microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectrophotometry and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller. The effects of various factors, including the kind of catalyst, the dose of catalyst, the pH value, the initial concentration of RhB and the number of cycle, on RhB degradation were investigated. In addition, radical trapping tests were performed to determine the reaction mechanism of RhB degradation. The trapping test of RhB degradation showed that superoxide radicals and holes were major contributors in the degradation of RhB. The thorough results show that the g-C3N4/LSACF composite is a promising material in RhB degradation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Wan, S. Cui, W. Wei, S. Cui, K. Chen, W. Chen, L. Mi, RSC Adv. 9, 2441–2450 (2019)
W. Chomkitichai, J. Pama, P. Jaiyen, S. Pano, J. Ketwaraporn, P. Pookmanee, S. Phanichphant, P. Jansanthea, Appl. Mech. Mater. 886, 138–145 (2019)
J. Feng, D. Zhang, H. Zhou, M. Pi, X. Wang, S. Chen, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6, 6342–6349 (2018)
A. Thakur, H. Kaur, Int. J. Ind. Chem. 8, 175–186 (2017)
V.K. Gupta, R. Saravanan, S. Agarwal, F. Gracia, M.M. Khan, J. Qin, R.V. Mangalaraja, J. Mol. Liq. 232, 423–430 (2017)
H. Zhao, Q. Xia, H. Xing, D. Chen, W. Hong, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 5, 4449–4456 (2017)
A. Aretxaga, S. Romero, M. Sarrà, T. Vicent, Biotechnol. Prog. 17, 664–668 (2010)
H.M. Attar, Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng. 6, 67–72 (2009)
R.A.D. Silva, M.J. Jacinto, V.C. Silva, D.C. Cabana, J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 86, 1–10 (2018)
V.N. Sonkusare, R.G. Chaudhary, G.S. Bhusari, A.R. Rai, H.D. Juneja, Nano-struct. Nano-objects 13, 121–131 (2018)
H. Yang, J. Yang, RSC Adv. 8, 11921–11929 (2018)
R.G. Chaudhary, V.N. Sonkusare, G.S. Bhusari, A. Mondal, D.P. Shaik, H.D. Juneja, Res. Chem. Intermed. 44, 2039–2060 (2018)
Y. Wei, Q. Zou, P. Ye, M. Wang, X. Li, A. Xu, Chemosphere 208, 358–365 (2018)
M. Yong, M. Wu, G. Li, D. Peng, X. Yu, Z. Bai, C. Peng, React. Kinet. Mech. Catal. 125, 1–12 (2018)
G. Gogoi, S. Keene, A.S. Patra, T.K. Sahu, S. Ardo, M. Qureshi, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 6, 6718–6729 (2018)
X. Zhou, Z. Luo, P. Tao, J. Bei, Z. Wu, Y. Huang, Mater. Chem. Phys. 143, 1462–1468 (2014)
S. Shi, M.A. Gondal, A.A. Al-Saadi, R. Fajgar, J. Kupcik, X. Chang, K. Shen, Q. Xu, Z.S. Seddigi, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 416, 212–219 (2014)
L.C. Sim, J.L. Wong, C.H. Hak, J.Y. Tai, K.H. Leong, P. Saravanan, Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 9, 353–363 (2018)
W. Yu, M. Qiao, J. Lv, G. Xu, Z. Zheng, X. Zhang, Y. Wu, Fuller. Nanotubes Carbon Nanostruct. 26, 210–217 (2018)
S. Patnaik, S. Martha, S. Acharya, K.M. Parida, Inorg. Chem. Front. 3, 336–347 (2016)
X. Li, W. Yang, L. Kang, M. Zhu, B. Dai, J. Catal. 311, 288–294 (2014)
S. Wang, X. Li, H. Zhao, X. Quan, S. Chen, H. Yu, Water Res. 134, 162–169 (2018)
W. Ying, F. Yuan, W. Lu, L. Nan, W. Chen, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 261, 98–104 (2018)
C.M. Hung, J. Hazard. Mater. 166, 1314–1320 (2009)
R.F. Liu, W.B. Li, A.Y. Peng, Appl. Surf. Sci. 427, S0169433217322092 (2018)
E. Finkelstein, G.M. Rosen, E.J. Rauckman, Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 200, 1–16 (1980)
S. Sun, M. Sun, Y. Fang, W. Ying, H. Wang, RSC Adv. 6, 13063–13071 (2016)
Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely thank the funds for Study on Comprehensive Control of Rocky Desertification and Ecological Service Function Improvement in Karst Peaks (Grant No. 2016YFC0502402).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, H., Li, E., Zhou, B. et al. Preparation and Characterization of a g-C3N4/LSACF Composite and Application in RhB Degradation. J Inorg Organomet Polym 30, 1463–1472 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01302-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10904-019-01302-0