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Facies and sequence analysis of Miocene open-shelf warm-temperate carbonates in Portimão (Lagos-Portimão Formation, Portugal)

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Abstract

The Lower–Middle Miocene Lagos-Portimão Formation at Portimão, southern Portugal, consists of three main heterozoan carbonate facies: mollusc-rich rudstone in a matrix of skeletal packstone/grainstone (MR), fine-to-medium skeletal packstone/grainstone (SPG), and quartz-rich skeletal packstone (QSP). These facies occur in different arrangements and indicate deposition on a wave-dominated open shelf with a well-established heterozoan fauna, most likely related to increased trophic resources where continent supply and upwelling contributed nutrients. These facies form belts inferred to have lain roughly parallel to the strike lines of the shelf, with the MR occupying the more landward, shallower areas and the SPG and QSP extending progressively offshore on the open shelf. Bryozoan abundance in the QSP facies indicates a deep setting on the middle/outer shelf, whereas the absence of rhodalgal components is attributed to a combination of temperature decrease and seafloor eutrophication during the late Langhian and Serravallian, coeval with the “Middle Miocene climatic cooling”. The large photosymbiont-bearing foraminifers and the absence of calcareous algae and zooxanthellate corals point to deposition under warm-temperate conditions. Two main orders of cyclicity are present. Small-scale sequences, 40–60 cm thick, may represent minor sea-level changes related to fifth-order sequences modulated by (~ 100-kyr) eccentricity forcing. Six large-scale sequences, 3–9 m in thickness, are recognized. Based on LAD and FAD of planktic foraminifers and the occurrence of two erosive surfaces related to major sea-level falls (Lang2/Ser1 and Ser4/Tor1), five Miocene sequences (Bu, L1, S1, S2, and S3) are correlated with third-order eustatic cycles.

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Acknowledgements

We are very indebted to our colleagues and friends João Pais (deceased in February 2016) and Jorge Civis (deceased in November 2017) for their friendship, life lessons, and teaching on the Atlantic Neogene. They had a close collaboration in the present paper since its beginning in 2007. They are in our memory. Field works, laboratory analyses, and Congress presentation have been supported by USAL KBHV/463AC01, CGL2009-11539, MINECO CGL2014-54818-P and UID/GEO/04035/2013 projects. P. Legoinha acknowledges the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-MCTES) for the SFRH/BSAB/128044/2016 financial support. Reviews and comments by Carlos Marques da Siva and Marcos Aurell Cardona and editorial revision by Maurice Tucker have helped in the improvement of this manuscript. Thanks to Judith A. Alfonso for the English support.

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  1. Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008, Salamanca, Spain

    I. Armenteros, J. A. González-Delgado, A. Martínez-Graña, G. Alonso-Gavilán & J. Civis

  2. Departamento de Estratigrafía, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas-UCM e Instituto de Geología Económica CSIC, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    C. J. Dabrio

  3. GeoBioTec, Departamento de Ciências da Terra, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    P. Legoinha & J. Pais

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Armenteros, I., Dabrio, C.J., Legoinha, P. et al. Facies and sequence analysis of Miocene open-shelf warm-temperate carbonates in Portimão (Lagos-Portimão Formation, Portugal). Facies 65, 33 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-019-0575-2

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