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Ecofriendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Early Growth and Cell Division in Roots of Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Umweltfreundliche Synthese von Silber-Nanopartikeln und ihre Auswirkungen auf das frühe Wachstum und die Zellteilung in den Wurzeln der Grünen Erbse (Pisum sativum L.)

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Abstract

The present study deals with the eco-synthesis and effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on pea (Pisum sativum L.). AgNPs were synthesized by using gelatine/glucose mixture as a reducing/stabilizing agent for silver nitrate. The AgNPs were characterized and their effects on early growth and cytotoxicity on cell division and chromosomes have been studied. Seeds of Pisum sativum cv. Master B were soaked in AgNPs solutions at concentrations of 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/L for two hours, control seeds were simultaneously soaked in distilled water. Seeds were then germinated on filter papers moistened with the above concentrations. Seed germination was gradually enhanced at lower concentrations of AgNPs (20 and 40 mg/L) and decreased at higher concentrations (80 and 160 mg/L) compared to control. Seedling growth parameters except root length were all reduced. Deformation of root shape (twisted, folded and hocked roots) was induced upon exposure to AgNPs. Cytologically, mitotic index declined, and chromosomal abnormalities raised as the concentration of AgNPs increased. Observed abnormalities comprised disturbed mitotic phases and cladistic aberrations such as chromosome bridges, rings, breaks, and micronuclei indicating a genotoxic potential for the AgNPs at high concentrations.

Zusammenfassung

Die vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Ökosynthese und den Auswirkungen von Silber-Nanopartikeln (AgNPs) auf Erbsen (Pisum sativum L.). AgNPs wurden unter der Verwendung einer Gelatine‑/Glukosemischung als Reduktions‑/Stabilisierungsmittel für Silbernitrat synthetisiert. Die AgNPs wurden charakterisiert und ihre Auswirkungen auf das frühe Wachstum und die Zytotoxizität bzgl. der Zellteilung und Chromosomen untersucht. Samen von Pisum sativum cv. Master B wurden zwei Stunden lang in AgNPs-Lösungen in Konzentrationen von 20, 40, 80 und 160 mg/L eingeweicht, Kontrollsaatgut wurde gleichzeitig in destilliertem Wasser eingeweicht. Die Samen wurden dann auf Filterpapieren, die mit den oben genannten Konzentrationen befeuchtet wurden, zum Keimen gebracht. Die Samenkeimung wurde im Vergleich zur Kontrolle bei niedrigeren Konzentrationen von AgNPs (20 und 40 mg/L) schrittweise gesteigert und bei höheren Konzentrationen (80 und 160 mg/L) verringert. Die Wachstumsparameter für Setzlinge mit Ausnahme der Wurzellänge wurden alle reduziert. Die Veränderung der Wurzelform (verdrehte, gefaltete und verknotete Wurzeln) wurde bei Exposition gegenüber AgNPs induziert. Zytologisch nahm der Mitoseindex ab und die Chromosomenanomalien nahmen mit zunehmender Konzentration der AgNPs zu. Beobachtete Anomalien umfassten gestörte mitotische Phasen und kladistische Aberrationen wie Chromosomenbrücken, -ringe, -brüche und Mikronuklei, die auf ein genotoxisches Potenzial für die AgNPs bei hohen Konzentrationen hinweisen.

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  1. Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-sheikh, Egypt

    May Labeeb, Soliman A. Haroun & Aziza S. El-Kholy

  2. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt

    Abdelfattah Badr

  3. Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoum, Egypt

    Magdy Z. Mattar

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-sheikh, Egypt

    Ibrahim M. El-Mehasseb

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Correspondence to Aziza S. El-Kholy.

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M. Labeeb, A. Badr, S.A. Haroun, M.Z. Mattar, A.S. El-Kholy and I.M. El-Mehasseb declare that they have no competing interests.

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Labeeb, M., Badr, A., Haroun, S.A. et al. Ecofriendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Effects on Early Growth and Cell Division in Roots of Green Pea (Pisum sativum L.). Gesunde Pflanzen 72, 113–127 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00491-5

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