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A geometric morphometric approach for disparity of the sulcus acusticus of sagitta in species of Gerreidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)

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Abstract

This paper explores shape disparity in the sulcus acusticus of saccular otolith using geometric morphometric methods in selected Gerreidae species. First, multivariate linear regressions between size (CS-log-transformed) and shape were implemented to uncover allometry in the variation of the sulcus acusticus at three levels: intraspecific, intrageneric, and interspecific. Second, we assessed species disparity to investigate if differences in disparity are associated with three biologically contrasting ecological or historical processes within the family. Specifically, we asked: (1) How has disparity changed as a result of an ecological shift from marine to freshwater habitat? (2) How has disparity changed in genera with increasing taxonomic richness? and (3) How did a vicariant event across the Panama isthmus changed disparity in a pair of sister species? Our results indicate that the disparity of the sulcus acusticus shape of the single freshwater species (Eugerres mexicanus) is in the middle of the range of values of the 17 marine species compared. This suggests that the change to a freshwater environment did not influence the variability of the sulcus acusticus. In the taxonomic comparisons, as expected, disparity is lowest in the monotypic Deckertichthys, while it increases with species number in Diapterus. In the vicariant pair, the Pacific basin species (Diapterus brevirostris) has a disparity value almost twice the value than in the Atlantic taxon (D. rhombeus). It remains to be investigated if the same disparity patterns documented here are associated to marine-freshwater ecological shifts and vicariant events in other fish families.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request at the following URL: http://www.filogenetica.org/data_files/index.php?

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Acknowledgments

We thank colleagues who encouraged and helped us in this research, especially Cota-Gómez VM (Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas of the Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico), Angulo Sibaja A, and Ramírez Coghi R (Museo de Zoologia of the Universidad de San Jose, Costa Rica).

Funding

This study was funded by a fellowship under the program “Estancias Postdoctorales Vinculadas al Fortalecimiento de la Calidad del Posgrado Nacional” CONACyT (México) awarded to the first author (grant number 349241).

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  1. Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa Enríquez, 91070, Veracruz, Mexico

    Jorge Guillermo Chollet-Villalpando & Efraín De Luna

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Correspondence to Jorge Guillermo Chollet-Villalpando.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All Gerreidae species in this study are edible fish and are not included in the IUCN red list as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, or near-threatened species (listed as least concern).

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Chollet-Villalpando, J.G., De Luna, E. A geometric morphometric approach for disparity of the sulcus acusticus of sagitta in species of Gerreidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Org Divers Evol 20, 299–311 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-019-00429-9

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