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Evidence for an Ordovician continental arc in the pre-Mesozoic basement of the Huizachal–Peregrina Anticlinorium, Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico: Peregrina Tonalite

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Abstract

The Huizachal–Peregrina Anticlinorium basement of the Sierra Madre Oriental in north-eastern (NE) Mexico comprises a wide variety of Precambrian and Paleozoic units. A granitic unit, described in this work as the Peregrina Tonalite (PTo), intruded the Neoproterozoic Novillo Gneiss, which is the northernmost expression of the Oaxaquia microcontinent. In contrast, the PTo’s contact with the Carboniferous Granjeno Schist is tectonic along vertical faults with a strike-slip component. This Paleozoic lithodeme is part of the Granjeno–Acatlán Belt. The PTo has been described as an orphaned block associated with an enigmatic Carboniferous magmatic arc located along the north-western (NW) margin of Gondwana. In this study, new U–Pb LA–ICP–MS data from PTo zircons included a youngest Late Ordovician (Katian stage) population at 448.8 ± 2.9 Ma, interpreted as the crystallisation age, and an oldest Grenvillian population interpreted as the potential age of its protolith. Additionally, major and trace element concentrations and ratios indicate a link to a continental arc that developed along the NW margin of Gondwana. Given this proposed arc’s age and position, a comprehensive model for the development of the NE Mexican basement without the involvement of exotic or orphaned terranes is now proposed. The PTo outcropping near Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, is interpreted to be part of a previously unreported magmatic arc in NE Mexico established during the Late Ordovician, herein described as the Peregrina–Mochonian Orogeny. It represents an extension of the South American Famatinian arc into Mexico.

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Acknowledgments

The first author thanks the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT, Mexico) for the financial support during his M.Sc. program. We wish to thank also Dr. Carlos Ortega-Obregón (Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) for fruitful discussions and help to clarify several aspects of analytical procedures. Dr. Raúl A. Becchio (Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina; Geo-Network of Latin American-German Alumni) provided very important clues for the regional interpretation of this work. Thanks to L.A. Elizondo Pacheco (Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León) for field assistance and to M. Gary (Edwards Aquifer Authority, Austin, Tx.) for critical reading of the manuscript and diverse useful remarks. The authors also express sincere thanks to two journal reviewers and the Associate Editor Dr. Andreas Möller for their time to evaluate this manuscript efficiently and provide valuable comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias de la Tierra, Carretera Linares – Cerro Prieto km. 8, 67700, Linares, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Eduardo Alejandro Alemán-Gallardo, Juan Alonso Ramírez-Fernández, Fernando Velasco-Tapia, Uwe Jenchen, Esther María Cruz-Gámez & Ignacio Navarro-De León

  2. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico

    Augusto Antonio Rodríguez-Díaz

  3. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Geociencias, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico

    Lorena De León-Barragán

Authors
  1. Eduardo Alejandro Alemán-Gallardo
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  2. Juan Alonso Ramírez-Fernández
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  3. Augusto Antonio Rodríguez-Díaz
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  4. Fernando Velasco-Tapia
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  5. Uwe Jenchen
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  6. Esther María Cruz-Gámez
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  7. Lorena De León-Barragán
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  8. Ignacio Navarro-De León
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juan Alonso Ramírez-Fernández.

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Editorial handling: A. Möller

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Supplementary Fig. S1

Harker diagrams for major and trace elements and ratios for the Peregrina Tonalite samples and for selected Paleozoic acidic magmatic rocks of Mexico, Central and South America. Data from the Aserradero Rhyolite (HPA, De León-Barragán 2012), the megacrystic granitoid plutons of the Acatlán Complex (Mexico, Miller et al. 2007), Motozintla Pluton (Mexico, Estrada-Carmona et al. 2012), Rabinal (Guatemala, Ortega-Obregón et al. 2008), Rabinal* (Solari et al. 2013), the Diablillos Intrusive Complex (Argentina, Suzaño et al. 2015), and the Sierra de Valle Fértil Complex (Argentina, Otamendi et al. 2017). a Al2O3, b Na2O, c FeO, d Rb, e Zr, f Sr/Y. Oxides of the major elements are adjusted to a volatile-free basis (adj). (PNG 111 kb)

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Alemán-Gallardo, E.A., Ramírez-Fernández, J.A., Rodríguez-Díaz, A.A. et al. Evidence for an Ordovician continental arc in the pre-Mesozoic basement of the Huizachal–Peregrina Anticlinorium, Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico: Peregrina Tonalite. Miner Petrol 113, 505–525 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-019-00660-4

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