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Small-scale distribution modeling of benthic species in a protected natural hard ground area in the German North Sea (Helgoländer Steingrund)

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Abstract

Natural stony and coarse-grained habitats entail important ecological features for the marine environment. Due to the complexity of their bottom characteristics, they host a high biodiversity compared to surrounding soft bottom areas. The German nature conservation area “Helgoländer Steingrund” (HSG; 54°14.00 N and 8°03.00 W) is subject to regular monitoring but lacks information on the spatial distribution of benthic species. Within this study, a new approach using species distribution models (SDM) was tested to fill these gaps of knowledge. Newly recorded environmental data (depth, sediments, current velocities) in the HSG and information on the presence and absences of nine benthic species (Echinus esculentus, Metridium senile, Cancer pagurus, Phymatolithon spp., Axinella polypoides, Homarus gammarus, Flustra foliacea, Alcyonidium diaphanum, Alcyonium digitatum), collected using video analysis of drop camera records, was used to perform SDMs. The models revealed good evaluation measures (true skill statistic > 0.7; area under the receiver operation characteristic curve > 0.90), implying that the model showed good predictive performance for the potential distribution of the tested species. The outcome of this study is a clear recommendation on SDM application in further environmental monitoring programs on the HSG and other protected hard ground areas.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the captains and crews of RV “Senckenberg” for the help with sampling. We are grateful to Maik Wilsenack, Astrid Raschke, and students for the technical support in the field and in the lab.

Funding

This research was funded by the DFG (“German Research Foundation”) within the INTERCOAST (“Integrated Coastal Zone and Shelf-Sea Research”) graduate program, a joint collaboration between the Senckenberg Institute in Wilhelmshaven (Germany), the University of Bremen (Germany), and the University of Waikato (New Zealand).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INTERCOAST Research Training Group, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Lydia R. Becker, Anja Singer & Susanne Coers

  2. Senckenberg am Meer, Department for Marine Research, Südstrand 40, 26382, Wilhelmshaven, Germany

    Lydia R. Becker, Alexander Bartholomä, Susanne Coers & Ingrid Kröncke

  3. Department of Marine Botany, University of Bremen, Leobener Str. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany

    Lydia R. Becker & Kai Bischof

  4. Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 911, 26133, Oldenburg, Germany

    Ingrid Kröncke

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Becker, L.R., Bartholomä, A., Singer, A. et al. Small-scale distribution modeling of benthic species in a protected natural hard ground area in the German North Sea (Helgoländer Steingrund). Geo-Mar Lett 40, 167–181 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-019-00598-8

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