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Evaluation of oligolecty in the Brazilian bee Ptilothrix plumata (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Emphorini)

Évaluation de l’oligolectie chez l’abeille brésilienne Ptilothrix plumata (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Emphorini)

Untersuchung zur Oligolektie der brasilianischen Biene Ptilothrix plumata (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Emphorini)

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Abstract

Ptilothrix plumata is a solitary bee, oligolectic on Malvaceae. In this study we evaluate its oligoletic behavior through quantitative and qualitative analyses of larval provisioning in the National Park of Catimbau, Brazil. Quantitative pollen analysis showed that, to feed one larva, females collect pollen from an average of 17.2 flowers of Pavonia cancellata, 8.5 flowers of P. varians, 4.8 flowers of P. humifusa and 12.4 flowers of Sida galheirensis. Preference for pollen of Pavonia seems to be characteristic for the species and is even more accentuated when considering the volumes of the very large Pavonia pollen grains in the pollen mass: more than 90% of total pollen volume of larval food was from Pavonia species. Comparison to food preferences of P. plumata at other sites shows that the degree of specialization also depends on the composition of plant species at a given locality and a local seemingly monolectic relationship may result from missing opportunities for choice.

Zusammenfassung

Ptilothrix plumata (Apidae, Emphorini) ist eine für Malvaceen oligolektische solitäre Biene, die im Boden in dichten Nestaggregationen nistet (Abb. 1a, b). In dieser Studie beschreiben wir das Nistverhalten von P. plumata und untersuchten ihre Beziehung zu Malvaceen-Blüten im Nationalpark von Catimbau im semiariden Nordosten Brasiliens, wo mehrere Arten dieser Familie vorkommen. Im allgemeinen enthielt jedes Nest eine einzelne Brutzelle, die 3 cm unter der Bodenoberfläche angelegt war. Die Weibchen sammelten Wasser, um den Boden aufzuweichen und das Nest zu bauen. Sie führten bis zu 24 Pollensammelflüge durch, um eine Brutzelle zu verproviantieren. (Abb. 1c–e). Im Proviant der Larven fanden wir Pollen von insgesamt sieben Malvaceen-Arten, wobei durchschnittlich 61% von 3 Pavonia-Arten stammten, während der Rest zwei Sida- und einer Herissantia-Art, sowie einer nichtidentifizierten Malvaceen-Art zugeordnet werden konnte (Abb. 1f). Der Pollenanteil von Nicht-Malvaceen belief sich auf weniger als 6 % (Tab. II). Quantitative Pollenanalysen zeigten, dass die Weibchen durchschnittlich an 17,2 Blüten von Pavonia cancellata, an 8,5 Blüten von P. varians, an 4,8 Blüten von P. humifusa und an 12,4 Blüten von Sida galheirensis Pollen sammelten, um eine Larve zu versorgen (Tab. I und III). Die von den 13 Weibchen am Untersuchungsort angelegten Pollenvorräte zeigten jedoch eine erhebliche Variation in den relativen Anteilen der Pollenkörner der mellitophilen Malvaceen-Arten (Tab. II). Dies könnte auf individuelle Unterschiede innerhalb der Weibchen dieser lokalen Bienenpopulation zurückzuführen sein. Eine generelle Präferenz für Pavonia-Pollen scheint jedoch für die Art charakteristisch zu sein und ist umso deutlicher, wenn das Volumen der sehr grossen Pavonia-Pollenkörner in dem Pollenball in Betracht gezogen wird: mehr als 90% des gesamten Pollenvolumens im Larvenfutter war von Pavonia-Arten und weniger als 1% des Pollenvolumens war von Nicht-Malvaceen (Abb. 4). Wir diskutieren die offensichtlich enge Oligolektie von Ptilothrix plumata für Pavonia-Blüten. Der Vergleich der Sammelpräferenzen einer Population an einem Standort mit nur einer Pavonia-Art zeigt, dass der Grad der Pollenspezialisierung auch von der Zusammensetzung der Planzenarten an einer gegebenen Lokalität abhängt, und dass eine lokal monolektische Beziehung auf fehlenden Auswahlmöglichkeiten beruhen kann.

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Correspondence to Clemens Schlindwein.

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Manuscript editor: Jean-Noël Tasei

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Schlindwein, C., Pick, R.A. & Martins, C.F. Evaluation of oligolecty in the Brazilian bee Ptilothrix plumata (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Emphorini). Apidologie 40, 106–116 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2008067

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