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Analysis and elimination of noise-induced temperature error in processor thermal control

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Abstract

Processor thermal control in real-time systems is crucial because overheated processors may result in critical performance degradation or even system failure. The main challenges in processor thermal control in real-time systems are as follows: (i) the need to satisfy both real-time and thermal constraints; (ii) uncertain system dynamics; and (iii) thermal sensor noise. The first two issues have been resolved in substantial studies while the issue of sensor noise has not been thoroughly addressed. In this paper, we experimentally identify that even a small zero-mean sensor noise can induce a significant steady-state error in processor thermal control. This steady-state temperature error is contrary to the intuition that zero-mean sensor noise normally induces zero-mean fluctuations around the target temperature. We rigorously analyze the phenomenon based on the stochastic averaging theory and quantify the error in a closed form in terms of noise statistics and system parameters. We propose a thermal control architecture for effectively eliminating the thermal error and tightly controlling the processor temperature. Through extensive experiments, we validate the proposed architecture.

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Notes

  1. Noise level with variance of 1 is a mild condition in practice (Rotem et al. 2006; Long et al. 2008).

  2. We have chosen three standard deviations in an arbitrary manner. We can use a different value if needed. However, use of too high a margin value slows down the transient of temperature control. Three standard deviations can eliminate NITE substantially while at the same time causing little degradation of the transient performance of the temperature control.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by Institute for Information & communications Technology Promotion (IITP) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIP) (2014-0-00065, Resilient Cyber-Physical Systems Research), the DGIST R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and ICT (18-EE-01), and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2016R1C1B2007899).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Information & Communication Engineering, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea

    Dohwan Kim, Juseung Lee, Kyung-Joon Park, Yongsoon Eun & Sang Hyuk Son

  2. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Chenyang Lu

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  1. Dohwan Kim
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  2. Juseung Lee
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  3. Kyung-Joon Park
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  4. Yongsoon Eun
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  5. Sang Hyuk Son
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  6. Chenyang Lu
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Correspondence to Kyung-Joon Park or Yongsoon Eun.

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Kim, D., Lee, J., Park, KJ. et al. Analysis and elimination of noise-induced temperature error in processor thermal control. Real-Time Syst 56, 1–27 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-019-09342-y

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