Skip to main content
Log in

Linear Differential Equations as a Data Structure

  • Published:
Foundations of Computational Mathematics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A lot of information concerning solutions of linear differential equations can be computed directly from the equation. It is therefore natural to consider these equations as a data structure, from which mathematical properties can be computed. A variety of algorithms has thus been designed in recent years that do not aim at “solving,” but at computing with this representation. Many of these results are surveyed here.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Available at http://ddmf.msr-inria.inria.fr.

  2. https://dlmf.nist.gov.

References

  1. Abel, N.H.: Œuvres complètes. Tome II. Éditions Jacques Gabay, Sceaux (1992). Edited and with notes by L. Sylow and S. Lie, Reprint of the second (1881) edition.

  2. Abramov, S.A.: Applicability of Zeilberger’s algorithm to hypergeometric terms. In: T. Mora (ed.) ISSAC’2002, pp. 1–7. ACM Press (2002). Proceedings of the 2002 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, July 07–10, 2002, Université de Lille, France

  3. Abramov, S.A.: When does Zeilberger’s algorithm succeed? Advances in Applied Mathematics 30(3), 424–441 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Abramowitz, M., Stegun, I.A. (eds.): Handbook of mathematical functions with formulas, graphs, and mathematical tables. Dover Publications Inc., New York (1992). Reprint of the 1972 edition

  5. Almkvist, G., Zeilberger, D.: The method of differentiating under the integral sign. Journal of Symbolic Computation 10, 571–591 (1990)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. André, Y.: Séries Gevrey de type arithmétique. I. Théorèmes de pureté et de dualité. Annals of Mathematics. Second Series 151(2), 705–740 (2000)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Andrews, G.E.: A general theory of identities of the Rogers-Ramanujan type. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 80, 1033–1052 (1974). 10.1090/S0002-9904-1974-13616-5

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  8. Apagodu, M., Zeilberger, D.: Multi-variable Zeilberger and Almkvist-Zeilberger algorithms and the sharpening of Wilf-Zeilberger theory. Advances in Applied Mathematics 37(2), 139–152 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aam.2005.09.003

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Balser, W.: From Divergent Power Series to Analytic Functions, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1582. Springer-Verlag (1994)

  10. Beeler, M., Gosper, R.W., Schroeppel, R.: Hakmem. AI Memo 239, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (1972). http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6086

  11. Bellard, F.: Computation of 2700 billion decimal digits of Pi using a desktop computer (2010). http://bellard.org/pi/pi2700e9/. 4th revision.

  12. Benoit, A.: Algorithmique semi-numérique rapide des séries de tchebychev. Ph.D. thesis, École polytechnique (2012)

  13. Benoit, A., Chyzak, F., Darrasse, A., Gerhold, S., Mezzarobba, M., Salvy, B.: The dynamic dictionary of mathematical functions (DDMF). In: K. Fukuda, J. van der Hoeven, M. Joswig, N. Takayama (eds.) The Third International Congress on Mathematical Software (ICMS 2010), Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6327, pp. 35–41 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15582-6_7

    Chapter  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Benoit, A., Joldeş, M., Mezzarobba, M.: Rigorous uniform approximation of D-finite functions using Chebyshev expansions. Math. Comp. 86(305), 1303–1341 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1090/mcom/3135

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Benoit, A., Salvy, B.: Chebyshev expansions for solutions of linear differential equations. In: J. May (ed.) ISSAC ’09: Proceedings of the twenty-second international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation, pp. 23–30 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1576702.1576709

  16. Bernstein, D.J.: Fast multiplication and its applications. In: Algorithmic number theory: lattices, number fields, curves and cryptography, Math. Sci. Res. Inst. Publ., vol. 44, pp. 325–384. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2008)

  17. Borwein, J.M., Borwein, P.B.: Pi and the AGM. John Wiley (1987)

  18. Borwein, P.B.: On the complexity of calculating factorials. Journal of Algorithms 6(3), 376–380 (1985)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Bostan, A.: Algorithmique efficace pour des opérations de base en calcul formel. Ph.D. thesis, École polytechnique (2003)

  20. Bostan, A., Boukraa, S., Christol, G., Hassani, S., Maillard, J.M.: Ising n-fold integrals as diagonals of rational functions and integrality of series expansions. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 45(18), 185,202 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/46/18/185202

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Bostan, A., Chen, S., Chyzak, F., Li, Z.: Complexity of creative telescoping for bivariate rational functions. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 2010), pp. 203–210. ACM Press (2010)

  22. Bostan, A., Chen, S., Chyzak, F., Li, Z., Xin, G.: Hermite reduction and creative telescoping for hyperexponential functions. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, ISSAC ’13, pp. 77–84. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2013). https://doi.org/10.1145/2465506.2465946

  23. Bostan, A., Chyzak, F., Giusti, M., Lebreton, R., Lecerf, G., Salvy, B., Schost, É.: Algorithmes Efficaces en Calcul Formel. Auto-édition (2017). https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/AECF/. 686 pages. Imprimé par CreateSpace. Aussi disponible en version électronique à l’url https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/AECF/

  24. Bostan, A., Chyzak, F., Lairez, P., Salvy, B.: Generalized Hermite reduction, creative telescoping and definite integration of D-finite functions. In: ISSAC’18—Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, pp. 95–102. ACM Press (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3208976.3208992

  25. Bostan, A., Chyzak, F., Lecerf, G., Salvy, B., Schost, É.: Differential equations for algebraic functions. In: C.W. Brown (ed.) ISSAC’07: Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation, pp. 25–32. ACM Press (2007). https://doi.org/10.1145/1277548.1277553

  26. Bostan, A., Dumont, L., Salvy, B.: Efficient algorithms for mixed creative telescoping. In: ISSAC’16—Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, pp. 127–134. ACM Press (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2930889.2930907

  27. Bostan, A., Dumont, L., Salvy, B.: Algebraic diagonals and walks: Algorithms, bounds, complexity. Journal of Symbolic Computation 83, 68–92 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2016.11.006

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Bostan, A., Kauers, M.: The complete generating function for Gessel walks is algebraic. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 138(9), 3063–3078 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Bostan, A., Lairez, P., Salvy, B.: Creative telescoping for rational functions using the Griffiths-Dwork method. In: M. Kauers (ed.) ISSAC ’13: Proceedings of the 38th International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, pp. 93–100. ACM Press (2013). https://doi.org/10.1145/2465506.2465935

  30. Bostan, A., Lairez, P., Salvy, B.: Multiple binomial sums. Journal of Symbolic Computation 80(2), 351–386 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2016.04.002

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Bostan, A., Raschel, K., Salvy, B.: Non-D-finite excursions in the quarter plane. Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A 121, 45–63 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcta.2013.09.005

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Brassinne, E.: Analogie des équations différentielles linéaires à coefficients variables, avec les équations algébriques. In: Note III du Tome 2 du Cours d’analyse de Ch. Sturm, École polytechnique, 2ème édition, pp. 331–347 (1864)

  33. Brent, R.P.: The complexity of multiple-precision arithmetic. In: R.S. Anderssen, R.P. Brent (eds.) The complexity of computational problem solving, pp. 126–165. University of Queensland Press, Brisbane (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Brent, R.P.: Fast multiple-precision evaluation of elementary functions. Journal of the ACM 23(2), 242–251 (1976)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Bronstein, M., Petkovšek, M.: An introduction to pseudo-linear algebra. Theoretical Computer Science 157, 3–33 (1996)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Cartier, P.: Démonstration ‘automatique’ d’identités et fonctions hypergéométriques. Astérisque 206, 41–91 (1992). Séminaire Bourbaki

  37. Chen, S., van Hoeij, M., Kauers, M., Koutschan, C.: Reduction-based creative telescoping for fuchsian D-finite functions. J. Symbolic Comput. 85, 108–127 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2017.07.005

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  38. Chen, S., Huang, H., Kauers, M., Li, Z.: A modified Abramov-Petkovsek reduction and creative telescoping for hypergeometric terms. In: ISSAC’15: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, pp. 117–124. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2755996.2756648

  39. Chen, S., Jaroschek, M., Kauers, M., Singer, M.F.: Desingularization explains order-degree curves for ore operators. In: Proceedings of the 38th International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, ISSAC ’13, pp. 157–164. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2013). https://doi.org/10.1145/2465506.2465510

  40. Chen, S., Kauers, M.: Trading order for degree in creative telescoping. Journal of Symbolic Computation 47(8), 968 – 995 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2012.02.002

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  41. Chen, S., Kauers, M., Koutschan, C.: Reduction-based creative telescoping for algebraic functions. In: Proceedings of the ACM on International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, ISSAC ’16, pp. 175–182. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2930889.2930901

  42. Chen, S., Kauers, M., Singer, M.F.: Telescopers for rational and algebraic functions via residues. In: ISSAC ’12: Proceedings of the twenty-fifth International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (2012)

  43. Cheney, E.W.: Introduction to approximation theory. AMS Chelsea Publishing, Providence, RI (1998). Reprint of the second (1982) edition

  44. Christol, G.: Diagonales de fractions rationnelles et equations différentielles. In: Study group on ultrametric analysis, 10th year: 1982/83, No. 2, pp. Exp. No. 18, 10. Inst. Henri Poincaré, Paris (1984)

  45. Christol, G.: Diagonales de fractions rationnelles et équations de Picard-Fuchs. In: Study group on ultrametric analysis, 12th year, 1984/85, 1 (Exp. No. 13), pp. 1–12. Paris (1985)

  46. Christol, G.: Diagonals of rational fractions. Eur. Math. Soc. Newsl. (97), 37–43 (2015)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  47. Chudnovsky, D.V., Chudnovsky, G.V.: Applications of Padé approximations to Diophantine inequalities in values of \({G}\)-functions. In: Number theory (New York, 1983–84), no. 1135 in Lecture Notes in Mathematics, pp. 9–51. Springer, Berlin (1985)

  48. Chudnovsky, D.V., Chudnovsky, G.V.: Approximations and complex multiplication according to Ramanujan. In: Ramanujan revisited, pp. 375–472. Academic Press, Boston, MA (1988)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  49. Chudnovsky, D.V., Chudnovsky, G.V.: The computation of classical constants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 86, 8178–8182 (1989)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  50. Chudnovsky, D.V., Chudnovsky, G.V.: Computer algebra in the service of mathematical physics and number theory. In: Computers in mathematics (Stanford, CA, 1986), pp. 109–232. Dekker, New York (1990)

  51. Churchill, R.C., Kovacic, J.J.: Cyclic vectors. In: Differential Algebra and Related Topics, pp. 191–218. World Scientific (2002). https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812778437_0007

  52. Chyzak, F.: An extension of Zeilberger’s fast algorithm to general holonomic functions. Discrete Mathematics 217(1-3), 115–134 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  53. Chyzak, F.: The ABC of creative telescoping. Mémoire d’habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Sud (2014)

  54. Chyzak, F., Kauers, M., Salvy, B.: A non-holonomic systems approach to special function identities. In: J. May (ed.) ISSAC ’09: Proceedings of the twenty-second international symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation, pp. 111–118 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1576702.1576720

  55. Chyzak, F., Salvy, B.: Non-commutative elimination in Ore algebras proves multivariate holonomic identities. Journal of Symbolic Computation 26(2), 187–227 (1998). 10.1006/jsco.1998.0207

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  56. Cockle, J.: Sketch of a theory of transcendental roots. Philosophical Magazine 20, 145–148 (1860)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Coddington, E.A., Levinson, M.: Theory of Ordinary Differential Equations. McGraw-Hill (1955)

  58. Cuyt, A., Petersen, V.B., Verdonk, B., Waadeland, H., Jones, W.B.: Handbook of continued fractions for special functions. Springer, New York (2008). With contributions by Franky Backeljauw and Catherine Bonan-Hamada, Verified numerical output by Stefan Becuwe and Cuyt

  59. Delabaerre, E.: Divergent Series, Summability and Resurgence III, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 2155. Springer (2016)

  60. Della Dora, J., Tournier, E.: Formal solutions of differential equations in the neighborhood of singular points (regular and irregular). In: SYMSAC ’81: Proceedings of the fourth ACM symposium on Symbolic and algebraic computation, pp. 25–29. ACM, New York, NY, USA (1981). http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/800206.806367

  61. Denef, J., Lipshitz, L.: Algebraic power series and diagonals. Journal of Number Theory 26(1), 46–67 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  62. Doetsch, G.: Integraleigenschaften der Hermiteschen Polynome. Math. Z. 32(1), 587–599 (1930). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01194654

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  63. Dwork, B.: On the zeta function of a hypersurface. II. Ann. of Math. (2) 80, 227–299 (1964)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  64. Egorychev, G.P.: Integral representation and the computation of combinatorial sums, Translations of Mathematical Monographs, vol. 59. American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI (1984). Translated from the Russian by H. H. McFadden, Translation edited by Lev J. Leifman

  65. Fabry, E.: Sur les intégrales des équations différentielles linéaires à coefficients rationnels. Thèse de doctorat ès sciences mathématiques, Faculté des Sciences de Paris (1885)

  66. Flajolet, P., Gerhold, S., Salvy, B.: On the non-holonomic character of logarithms, powers, and the nth prime function. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 11(2) (2005). http://www.combinatorics.org/Volume_11/PDF/v11i2a2.pdf. A2, 16 pages

  67. Flajolet, P., Gerhold, S., Salvy, B.: Lindelöf representations and (non-)holonomic sequences. The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics 17(1), 1–28 (2010). http://www.combinatorics.org/Volume_17/PDF/v17i1r3.pdf

  68. Flajolet, P., Odlyzko, A.M.: Singularity analysis of generating functions. SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics 3(2), 216–240 (1990)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  69. Flajolet, P., Sedgewick, R.: Analytic Combinatorics. Cambridge University Press (2009). http://algo.inria.fr/flajolet. 824 pages (ISBN-13: 9780521898065); also available electronically from the authors’ home pages.

  70. Fürer, M.: Faster integer multiplication. SIAM J. Comput. 39(3), 979–1005 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1137/070711761

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  71. Furstenberg, H.: Algebraic functions over finite fields. Journal of Algebra 7(2), 271–277 (1967)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  72. Garoufalidis, S., Sun, X.: A new algorithm for the recursion of hypergeometric multisums with improved universal denominator. In: Gems in experimental mathematics, Contemp. Math., vol. 517, pp. 143–156. Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI (2010). https://doi.org/10.1090/conm/517/10138

  73. Glasser, M.L., Montaldi, E.: Some integrals involving Bessel functions. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 183(3), 577–590 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  74. Glasser, M.L., Zucker, I.J.: Extended Watson integrals for the cubic lattices. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74(5), 1800–1801 (1977)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  75. Graham, R., Knuth, D., Patashnik, O.: Concrete Mathematics. Addison Wesley (1989)

  76. Griffiths, P.A.: On the periods of certain rational integrals. I, II. Ann. of Math. (2) 90 (1969), 460-495; ibid. (2) 90, 496–541 (1969)

  77. Gutierrez, J., Schicho, J., Weimann, M. (eds.): Computer algebra and polynomials, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8942. Springer, Cham (2015). Applications of algebra and number theory, Selected papers from the workshop held at the Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM), Linz, November 25–29, 2013, Lecture Notes in Computer Science

  78. Haible, B., Papanikolaou, T.: Fast multiprecision evaluation of series of rational numbers. In: Algorithmic number theory (Portland, OR, 1998), Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci., vol. 1423, pp. 338–350. Springer, Berlin (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0054873

    Google Scholar 

  79. Harley, R.R.: On the theory of the transcendental solution of algebraic equations. Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 5, 337–360 (1862)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Harvey, D., van der Hoeven, J., Lecerf, G.: Even faster integer multiplication. J. Complexity 36, 1–30 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jco.2016.03.001

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  81. Hassani, S., Koutschan, C., Maillard, J.M., Zenine, N.: Lattice Green functions: the \(d\)-dimensional face-centered cubic lattice, \(d=8, 9, 10, 11, 12\). J. Phys. A 49(16), 164,003, 30 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/49/16/164003

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  82. van der Hoeven, J.: Fast evaluation of holonomic functions. Theoretical Computer Science 210(1), 199–216 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  83. van der Hoeven, J.: Fast evaluation of holonomic functions near and in regular singularities. Journal of Symbolic Computation 31(6), 717–743 (2001)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  84. van der Hoeven, J.: Efficient accelero-summation of holonomic functions. Journal of Symbolic Computation 42(4), 389–428 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2006.12.005

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  85. Huang, H.: New bounds for hypergeometric creative telescoping. In: Proceedings of the ACM on International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation - ISSAC ’16. ACM Press (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2930889.2930893

  86. Ince, E.L.: Ordinary differential equations. Dover Publications, New York (1956). Reprint of the 1926 edition

  87. Jungen, R.: Sur les séries de Taylor n’ayant que des singularités algébrico-logarithmiques sur leur cercle de convergence. Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici 3, 266–306 (1931)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  88. Katz, N.M.: Nilpotent connections and the monodromy theorem: Applications of a result of Turrittin. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. Publ. Math. (39), 175–232 (1970)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  89. Kauers, M., Jaroschek, M., Johansson, F.: Ore polynomials in Sage. In: Gutierrez et al. [77], pp. 105–125. 10.1007/978-3-319-15081-9\_6. Applications of algebra and number theory, Selected papers from the workshop held at the Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied Mathematics (RICAM), Linz, November 25–29, 2013, Lecture Notes in Computer Science

  90. Kontsevich, M., Zagier, D.: Periods. In: Mathematics unlimited—2001 and beyond, pp. 771–808. Springer, Berlin (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  91. Koutschan, C.: Creative telescoping for holonomic functions. In: C. Schneider, J. Blümlein (eds.) Computer Algebra in Quantum Field Theory: Integration, Summation and Special Functions, Texts & Monographs in Symbolic Computation, pp. 171–194. Springer, Wien (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1616-6_7

    Google Scholar 

  92. Lairez, P.: Computing periods of rational integrals. Mathematics of Computation 85(300), 1719–1752 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1090/mcom/3054

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  93. Lairez, P., Safey El Din, M.: Computing the volume of bounded semi-algebraic sets (2018). In preparation

  94. Lewanowicz, S.: Construction of a recurrence relation of the lowest order for coefficients of the Gegenbauer series. Zastosowania Matematyki XV(3), 345–395 (1976)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  95. Libri, G.: Note sur les rapports qui existent entre la théorie des équations algébriques et la théorie des équations linéaires aux différentielles et aux différences. Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 1(1), 10–13 (1836)

    Google Scholar 

  96. Loday-Richaud, M.: Divergent Series, Summability and Resurgence II, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 2154. Springer (2016)

  97. Mallinger, C.: Algorithmic Manipulations and Transformations of Univariate Holonomic Functions and Sequences. Master’s thesis, RISC, J. Kepler University (1996)

  98. Mason, J.C., Handscomb, D.C.: Chebyshev Polynomials. Chapman & Hall/CRC (2003)

  99. Maulat, S., Salvy, B.: Formulas for continued fractions: An automated guess and prove approach. In: ISSAC’15: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, pp. 275–282. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2015). 10.1145/2755996.2756660. See accompanying Maple worksheet on arXiv.

  100. Maulat, S., Salvy, B.: Explicit continued fractions for solutions of Riccati-type equations (2018). In preparation

  101. Melczer, S., Salvy, B.: Symbolic-numeric tools for analytic combinatorics in several variables. In: ISSAC’16: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation, pp. 333–340. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2016). https://doi.org/10.1145/2930889.2930913

  102. Mezzarobba, M.: Numgfun: a package for numerical and analytic computation with D-finite functions. In: Proceedings of the 2010 International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC 2010), pp. 139–145. ACM (2010). https://doi.org/10.1145/1837934.1837965

  103. Mezzarobba, M.: Rigorous multiple-precision evaluation of D-finite functions in Sagemath. Accepted for publication in the proceedings of ICMS 2016, but withdrawn due to a disagreement with Springer on copyright matters 1607.01967, arXiv (2016). https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.01967

  104. Mezzarobba, M., Salvy, B.: Effective bounds for P-recursive sequences. Journal of Symbolic Computation 45(10), 1075–1096 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsc.2010.06.024

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  105. Mitschi, C., Sauzin, D.: Divergent Series, Summability and Resurgence I, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 2153. Springer (2017)

  106. Olver, F.W.J., Lozier, D.W., Boisvert, R.F., Clark, C.W. (eds.): NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Cambridge University Press (2010). http://www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521140638

  107. Ore, O.: Linear equations in non-commutative fields. Annals of Mathematics 32, 463–477 (1931)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  108. Ore, O.: Theory of non-commutative polynomials. Annals of Mathematics 34, 480–508 (1933)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  109. Paszkowski, S.: Zastosowania numeryczne wielomianów i szeregów Czebyszewa. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warsaw (1975). Podstawowe Algorytmy Numeryczne. [Fundamental Numerical Algorithms]

  110. Pemantle, R., Wilson, M.C.: Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables. Cambridge University Press (2013)

  111. Picard, É.: Sur les périodes des intégrales doubles et sur une classe d’équations différentielles linéaires. In: Gauthier Villars (ed.) Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des sciences, vol. 134, pp. 69–71. MM. les secrétaires perpétuels (1902)

  112. Pólya, G.: Sur les séries entières, dont la somme est une fonction algébrique. L’Enseignement Mathématique 22, 38–47 (1921)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  113. Poole, E.G.C.: Introduction to the theory of linear differential equations. Dover Publications Inc., New York (1960)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  114. Van der Poorten, A.: A proof that Euler missed \(\ldots \) Apéry’s proof of the irrationality of \(\zeta (3)\). Mathematical Intelligencer 1, 195–203 (1979)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  115. Prudnikov, A.P., Brychkov, Y.A., Marichev, O.I.: Integrals and Series. Volume 2: Special functions. Gordon and Breach (1986). 750 pages. First edition in Moscow, Nauka, 1983

  116. van der Put, M., Singer, M.F.: Galois theory of linear differential equations. Spinger Verlag (2003)

  117. Rebillard, L., Zakrajšek, H.: Recurrence relations for the coefficients in hypergeometric series expansions. In: I. Kotsireas, E. Zima (eds.) Computer Algebra 2006. Latest Advances in Symbolic Algorithms, pp. 158–180. World Scientific (2006)

  118. Salvy, B., Zimmermann, P.: Gfun: a Maple package for the manipulation of generating and holonomic functions in one variable. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 20(2), 163–177 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1145/178365.178368

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  119. Stanley, R.P.: Enumerative combinatorics, vol. 2. Cambridge University Press (1999)

  120. Strehl, V.: Binomial identities – combinatorial and algorithmic aspects. Discrete Mathematics 136(1-3), 309–346 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-365X(94)00118-3

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  121. Tannery, J.: Propriétés des intégrales des équations différentielles linéaires à coefficients variables. Thèse de doctorat ès sciences mathématiques, Faculté des Sciences de Paris (1874)

  122. Tournier, É.: Solutions formelles d’équations différentielles. Doctorat d’état, Université scientifique, technologique et médicale de Grenoble (1987)

  123. Trefethen, L.N.: Approximation theory and approximation practice. SIAM (2013). http://www2.maths.ox.ac.uk/chebfun/ATAP/

  124. Tsai, H.: Weyl closure of a linear differential operator. Journal of Symbolic Computation 29(4-5), 747–775 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  125. Van Der Hoeven, J.: Constructing reductions for creative telescoping (2017). https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01435877. Working paper or preprint

  126. Wasow, W.: Asymptotic expansions for ordinary differential equations. Dover Publications Inc., New York (1987). Reprint of the John Wiley 1976 edition

  127. Watson, G.N.: Three triple integrals. The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics os-10(1), 266–276 (1939). 10.1093/qmath/os-10.1.266

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  128. Wegschaider, K.: Computer generated proofs of binomial multi-sum identities. Master’s thesis, RISC, J. Kepler University (1997)

  129. Wilf, H.S., Zeilberger, D.: An algorithmic proof theory for hypergeometric (ordinary and “\(q\)”) multisum/integral identities. Inventiones Mathematicae 108, 575–633 (1992)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  130. Wilf, H.S., Zeilberger, D.: Rational function certification of multisum/integral/“\(q\)” identities. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 27(1), 148–153 (1992)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  131. Wu, M., Li, Z.: On solutions of linear functional systems and factorization of Laurent-Ore modules. In: I. Kotsireas, E. Zima (eds.) Computer algebra 2006, pp. 109–136. World Sci. Publ., Hackensack, NJ (2007). https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812778857_0007. Latest advances in symbolic algorithms

  132. Zeilberger, D.: A holonomic systems approach to special functions identities. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 32(3), 321–368 (1990)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  133. Zeilberger, D.: The method of creative telescoping. Journal of Symbolic Computation 11, 195–204 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has been supported in part by FastRelax ANR-14-CE25-0018-01.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruno Salvy.

Additional information

Communicated by Agnes Szanto.

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This work has been supported in part by FastRelax ANR-14-CE25-0018-01.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Salvy, B. Linear Differential Equations as a Data Structure. Found Comput Math 19, 1071–1112 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-018-09411-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10208-018-09411-x

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation