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Estimation of spatiotemporal variations in nutrient fluxes from sediments in the seasonally hypoxic Omura Bay, Japan

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Abstract

In the seasonally hypoxic semi-enclosed Omura Bay, Japan, regression equations estimating year-round nutrient [NO3 + NO2, NH4, PO4, Si(OH)4] concentrations in pore water were successfully constructed based on water temperature and the concentration of biogenic elements in surface sediments, except for NH4 and PO4 concentrations in summer when the hypoxic water mass develops. Core incubation studies revealed that pore water NH4 and PO4 concentrations under anaerobic conditions increased 1.4–2.2 and 1.8–2.1 times, respectively, above levels estimated with the regression equations. These were in good agreement with the values observed in the field during summer. The gradient in nutrient concentrations between the measured values in the overlying water column and the estimated values in the pore water revealed that spatial fluctuations in nutrient fluxes at the sediment–water interface across the Omura Bay ranged from 1.5 to 2 times, reaching up to 3–4 times in the summer. Annual nutrient fluxes from the sediment (690–780 ton-N year−1 for DIN, 77–85 ton-P year−1 for DIP, and c.a. 4700 ton-Si year−1 for DSi) were comparable to those from terrestrial areas. Accurate estimation of internal loadings is essential to properly evaluate residual nutrients and organic matter in the water column and their effect on aquatic ecosystems.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Omura Bay fishery cooperative, H. Yamaguchi (Nagasaki prefecture), K. Hinode, M. Shiokawa and K. Toyoshima (Nagasaki University) and K. Okamura and A. Takeshige (Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency) for field samplings and sample analyses. We also thank anonymous reviewers for providing valuable and constructive comments to improve the manuscript. This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI Grant Numbers 21340153 to K.M., 22248022 to H.N., and The Mitsui & Co. Environment Fund (R09-C041) to K.K.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan

    Naoki Muta, Minoru Wada, Hideaki Nakata, Kazuaki Kawamoto & Kazumi Matsuoka

  2. Chuden Engineering Consultants, 2-3-30, Deshio, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8510, Japan

    Naoki Muta

  3. Department of Environmental Science on Biosphere, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan

    Yu Umezawa

  4. National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, 739-0452, Hiroshima, Japan

    Akira Yamaguchi

  5. Flat Hour, LLC, 3021, Kamiagata-Cho, Shitaru, Tsushima, 817-1533, Nagasaki, Japan

    Hirokazu Suzaki

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  1. Naoki Muta
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Correspondence to Yu Umezawa.

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Muta, N., Umezawa, Y., Yamaguchi, A. et al. Estimation of spatiotemporal variations in nutrient fluxes from sediments in the seasonally hypoxic Omura Bay, Japan. Limnology 21, 341–356 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-019-00591-1

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