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Fast indirect measurement of PCDD/F TEQ emission from municipal solid waste incineration: a review

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A Correction to this article was published on 27 August 2021

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Abstract

Landfilling, a traditional and major method for municipal solid waste management, is gradually being taken place by incineration. However, the contamination problem caused by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) emissions from incineration has also brought much concerns. Traditional offline method based on high-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the determination of PCDD/F emissions is expensive, infrequent and time-lagging. Use of PCDD/F indicators to achieve fast indirect measurements for PCDD/Fs is a much more promising method. Six categories of potential PCDD/F indicators are discussed in this paper: CO, total hydrocarbons, specific PCDD/F congeners, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorophenols and chlorobenzenes. Their performance as PCDD/F indicators are verified in the following criteria: (1) structural similarities; (2) known mechanistic arguments; (3) known correlation values from the literature and (4) detectability. Comprehensively considering the four factors, chlorobenzenes may be the best suitable PCDD/F indicator. One analytical method based on Photon Ionization coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry has been proved effective for the online/atline measurements for PCDD/F indicators for the prediction of TEQ in incineration process. Moreover, thermal desorption and gas chromatography can be applied to provide extra separation and concentration for very complex matrices with extremely low concentrations.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFE0107600) and the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51621005).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Xuan Cao, Shengyong Lu, Huadong Zhong, Kaicheng Wu, Xiaodong Li & Jianhua Yan

  2. Zhejiang Fuchunjiang Environmental Technology Research Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311401, China

    Xuan Cao & William R. Stevens

  3. College of Health Sciences, Kentucky Christian University, Grayson, KY, 41143, USA

    William R. Stevens

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  1. Xuan Cao
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Cao, X., Lu, S., Stevens, W.R. et al. Fast indirect measurement of PCDD/F TEQ emission from municipal solid waste incineration: a review. Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy 1, 39–51 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42768-019-00003-1

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