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Contrasting patterns of tree species mixture effects on wood δ13C along an environmental gradient

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Abstract

Establishing mixed-species stands is frequently proposed as a strategy to adapt forests to the increasing risk of water scarcity, yet contrasted results have been reported regarding mixing effects on tree drought exposure. To investigate the drivers behind the spatial and temporal variation in water-related mixing effects, we analysed the δ13C variation in 22-year tree ring chronologies for beech and pine trees sampled from 17 pure and mixed pine–beech stands across a large gradient of environmental conditions throughout Europe. In the pure stands, average δ13C values were lower for beech (−27.9‰ to −22.2‰) than for pine (−26.0‰ to −21.1‰), irrespective of site conditions. Decreasing SPEI values (calculated over June to September) were associated with an increase in δ13C for both species, but their effect was influenced by stand basal area for pine and site water availability for beech. Mixing did not change the temporal constancy of δ13C nor the tree reaction to a drought event, for any of the species. While the mixing effect (Δ δ13C = δ13C pure stands − δ13C mixed stands) was on average positive for beech and non-significant for pine across the whole gradient, this effect strongly differed between sites. For both species, mixing was not significant at extremely dry sites and positive at dry sites; on moderately wet sites, mixing was positive for beech and negative for pine; at sites with permanent water supply, no general patterns emerge for any of the species. The pattern of mixing effect along the gradient of water availability was not linear but showed threshold points, highlighting the need to investigate such relation for other combinations of tree species.

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Acknowledgements

The networking in this study has been supported by COST Action FP1206 EUMIXFOR. All contributors thank their national funding institutions to establish, measure and analyse data from the triplets. The main author obtained a PhD grant from the “Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique” (FNRS-FRIA) and additional funding support from the Walloon forest service (Service Public de Wallonie—Département de la Nature et des Forêts) through the 5-year research programme “Accord-cadre de recherches et de vulgarisation forestières”. All authors thank the numerous persons who contributed to the fieldwork in the different sites across Europe. We also thank Maud Antoine who helped carry out the chemical analyses. Finally, we thank the two anonymous reviewers and the main editor who contributed to improving a previous version of this manuscript. We acknowledge the E-OBS dataset from the EU-FP6 project ENSEMBLES (http://ensembles-eu.metoffice.com) and the data providers in the ECA&D project (http://www.ecad.eu)”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.09, 1348, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium

    G. de Streel & Q. Ponette

  2. Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, 54000, Nancy, France

    C. Collet & D. Bonal

  3. Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, 230 53, Alnarp, Sweden

    I. Barbeito & M. Löf

  4. Department of Silviculture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland

    K. Bielak

  5. Department of Biogeography and Global Change, National Museum of Natural Sciences, MNCN-CSIC, C/Serrano 115bis, 28006, Madrid, Spain

    A. Bravo-Oviedo

  6. Vytautas Magnus University, K. Donelaičio str. 58, 44248, Kaunas, Lithuania

    G. Brazaitis & J. Stankevičiūtė

  7. Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering – Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain

    L. Coll

  8. Institute of Ecology, Ilia State University, Cholokhashvili ave. 3/5, 0162, Tbilisi, Georgia

    L. Drössler

  9. Swiss Federal Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    D. Forrester

  10. Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany

    M. Heym

  11. Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Ecology and Silvicullture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425, Kraków, Poland

    M. Pach & J. Skrzyszewski

  12. Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

    H. Pretzsch

  13. Forest Research Centre, INIA, Ctra. A Coruña km 7’5, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    R. Ruiz-Peinado

  14. iuFOR, Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid - INIA, Palencia, Spain

    R. Ruiz-Peinado

  15. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 16521, Praha 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic

    M. Svoboda

  16. Forest and Nature Lab, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium

    K. Verheyen

  17. Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Gagarin Street, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria

    T. Zlatanov

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  1. G. de Streel
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  2. C. Collet
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  3. I. Barbeito
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  4. K. Bielak
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  5. A. Bravo-Oviedo
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  6. G. Brazaitis
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  7. L. Coll
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  8. L. Drössler
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  9. D. Forrester
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  10. M. Heym
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  11. M. Löf
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  12. M. Pach
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  13. H. Pretzsch
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  14. R. Ruiz-Peinado
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  15. J. Skrzyszewski
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  16. J. Stankevičiūtė
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  17. M. Svoboda
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  18. K. Verheyen
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  19. T. Zlatanov
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  20. D. Bonal
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  21. Q. Ponette
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GdS, DB and QP conceived the ideas and designed methodology; all authors contributed to data collection; GdS, DB and QP analysed the data and led the writing of the manuscript; all authors contributed to the drafts and gave the final approval for publication.

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Correspondence to G. de Streel.

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Communicated by Rüdiger Grote.

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de Streel, G., Collet, C., Barbeito, I. et al. Contrasting patterns of tree species mixture effects on wood δ13C along an environmental gradient. Eur J Forest Res 139, 229–245 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-019-01224-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-019-01224-z

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