Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Mineral Phase Paragenesis in Explosive Ejecta Discharged by Recent Eruptions in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. Part 1. Diamonds, Carbonaceous Phases, and Condensed Organoids

  • Published:
Journal of Volcanology and Seismology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ejecta of recent volcanic eruptions were found to contain a carbonaceous mineral phase paragenesis of explosive atmospheric electrogenic origin. The paragenesis involves diamonds of octahedral habitus with non-aggregated nitrogen defects (without signs of mantle burning), disordered graphite, shungite-like bitumen (kerite–anthraxolite), carbonaceous globules (clustered allotropes of dicarbon composition), metal carbon nano-microcomposites resulting from thermal impact decomposition of metal organic compounds, and abiogenic organic compounds. The carbonaceous paragenesis identified here is considered as a unique natural phenomenon that indicates the existence of a global process that favor endogenous carbonization of the Earth’s crust during crust–mantle interactions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  1. Anikin, L.P., Silaev, V.I., Chubarov, V.M., et al., Diamond and other accessory minerals in the 2008–2009 ejecta of Koryaksky Volcano, Kamchatka, Vestnik Instituta Geologii Komi NTs UrO RAN, 2018, no. 2, pp. 18–27.

  2. Baikov, A.I., Anikin, L.P., and Dunin-Barkovsky, R.L., Carbonado findings on Kamchatka volcanoes, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 1995, vol. 343. № 1. C. 72–74.

  3. Bandy, F.P., Hall, H.T., Strong, H.M., and Wentorf, Jr.R.J., Manmade Diamond, Nature, 1955, vol. 176, pp. 51–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Beskrovanov, V.V., Diamond ontogeny, Nauka i Tekhnika v Yakutii, 2012, no. 1(22), pp. 89–92.

  5. Beskrovnyi, N.S. and Lobkov, V.A., The isotope composition of carbon in Kamchatka hydrothermal gases, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1974, vol. 217, no. 3, pp. 689–692.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Capdevila, R., Arndt, N., Letendre, J., and Souvage, J.-F., Diamonds in volcaniclastickamatiite from French Guiana, Nature, 1999, vol. 399, no. 3, pp. 456–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Davydov, V.A., Shiryaev, A.A., Rakhmanina, A.V., et al., Transformation of polyhedral carbon nano particles under high pressures and temperatures, Carbon, 2011, vol. 49, pp. 2389–2401.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Deryagin, B.V. and Fedoseev, D.V., Rost almaza i grafita iz gazovoi fazy (The Growth of Diamond and Graphite from a Gas Phase), Moscow: Nauka, 1977.

  9. Dunin-Barkovsky, R.L., Crystal chemistry and genesis of carbonado from melanocratic basalts sampled on Avacha Volcano, Kamchatka, Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 1995, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 54–66.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Dunin-Barkovsky, R.L., Anikin, L.P., and Vasiliev, G.F., Kamchatka diamonds, Gornyi Vestnik Kamchatki, 2013, no. 26, pp. 57–61.

  11. Garanin, V.K., Natural diamond in space and time, in Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye Zapadnogo Urala (The Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Western Urals), Perm: PGNIU, 2016, pp. 24–27.

  12. Garanin, V.K., Polygenesis and discreteness: The fundamental principles of the origin of naturally occurring diamonds, in Problemy mineragenii, ekonomicheskoi geologii i mineralnykh resursov (Problems of Minerageny, Economic Geology, and Mineral Resources), Smirnovsky Sbornik-2017, Moscow: Maks-Press, 2017, pp. 88–129.

  13. Gontovaya, L.I., Silaev, V.I., Vergasova, L.P., Anikin, L.P., and Karpov, G.A., On the depth of sources of fluid magmatic material beneath Tolbachik and Klyuchevskoi volcanoes, in Vulkanizm i svyazannye s nim protsessy (Volcanism and Related Processes), 20th Annual conference of volcanologists, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky: IViS, 2017, pp. 22–25.

  14. Gordeev, E.I., Karpov, G.A., Anikin, L.P., et al., Diamonds in the lavas discharged by the Tolbachik, Kamchatka eruption, Dokl. Akad. Nauk, 2014, vol. 454, no. 2, pp. 204–206.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gorshkov, A.I., Seliverstov, V.A., Baikov, A.I., et al., Crystal chemistry and the genesis of carbonado from melanocratic basaltoids discharged by Avacha, Kamchatka volcano, Geol. Rudn. Mestorozhd., 1995, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 54‒66.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gutsalo, L.K. and Plotnikov, A.M., The isotope composition of the CO2–CH4 carbon as a criterion of the genesis of methane and carbon dioxide in the Earth’s naturally occurring gases, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1981, vol. 259, no. 2, pp. 470–472.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hoffvan, R., C2 in all its guises, Amer. Sci., 1995, vol. 83, pp. 309–311.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Howell, D., Griffin, W.L., Yang, J., et al., Diamonds in ophiolites: Contamination or a new diamond growth environments? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2015, vol. 430, pp. 284–295.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Karpov, G.A., Silaev, V.I., Anikin, L.P., Rakin, V.I., Vasil’ev, E.A., Filatov, S.K., Petrovskii, V.A., and Flerov, G.B., Diamonds and accessory minerals in products of the 2012–2013 Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, J. Volcanol. Seismol., 2014, no. 6, pp. 323–339.

  20. Karpov, G.A., Silaev, V.I., Anikin, L.P., Vasiliev, E.A., and Vergasova, L.P., Volcanogenic carbon paragenesis in Kamchatka, Istoriya Nauki i Tekhniki, 2017a, no. 7, pp. 66–77.

  21. Karpov, G.A., Silaev, V.I., Anikin, L.P., et al., Explosive mineralization, in Tolbachinskoe treshchinnoe izverzhenie 2012–2013 gg. (Tolbachik Fissure Eruption of 2012–2013), Novosibirsk: SO RAN, 2017b, pp. 241–255.

  22. Kovalev, G.N. and Kutyev, G.N., Estimating the temperature conditions in powerful ash–gas jets of the 1975 Tolbachik eruption, Kamchatka based on the structure of volcanic bombs, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1977, vol. 234, no. 1, pp. 219–222.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kutyev, F.Sh. and Kutyeva, G.V., Diamonds in Kamchatka basaltoids, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1975, vol. 221, no. 1, pp. 183–186.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rodnikov, A.G., Zabarinskaya, L.P., and Sergeeva, N.A., Deep sources of hydrocarbon generation in the upper mantle of the Sea-of-Okhotsk Sea region, Glubinnaya Neft, 2014, vol. I, no. 2, pp. 210–214.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rulenko, V.P. and Tokarev, P.I., Atmospheric electrical effects during the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, June to September 1975, Byull. Vulkanol. St., 1978, no. 56, pp. 96–102.

  26. Silaev, V.I., Lyutoev, V.P., Petrovsky, V.A., and Khazov, A.F., A study of naturally occurring carbonaceous substances and some of their synthetic analogues by the method of Raman spectroscopy, Mineralog. Zhurn., 2013, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 33–47.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Silaev, V.I., Karpov, G.A., Rakin, V.I., et al., Diamonds in ejecta of the 2012–2013 Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Kamchatka, Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta, Geologiya, 2015, issue 1(6), pp. 6–27.

  28. Silaev, V.I., Anikin, L.P., Vergasova, L.P., et al., Abiogenic organic polymers in ejecta of recent volcanism, Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta. Geologiya, 2016a, no. 3, pp. 21–33.

  29. Silaev, V.I., Vasiliev, E.A., Karpov, G.A., et al., Carbon paragenesis in eruptive ash–gas ejecta of Kamchatka volcanoes, in Sovremennye problemy teoreticheskoi, eksperimentalnoi i prikladnoi mineralogii (Modern Problems in Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Mineralogy) (Yushkin Lectures-2016), Syktyvkar: Geoprint, 2016b, pp. 67–68.

  30. Silaev, V.I., Vergasova, L.P., Vasiliev, E.A., Karpov, G.A., Sukharev, A.E., and Filatov, S.K., Microparagenesis of diamonds and native aluminum in ejecta of recent volcanism, J. Volcanol. Seismol., 2016c, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 64–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Silaev, V.I., Kuzmin, I.A., Kolyamkin, V.M., et al., Tiffisite diamonds in the Yenisey Ridge, Vestnik Permskogo Universiteta. Geologiya, 2017, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 304–329.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Silaev, V.I., Anikin, V.P., Kokin, A.V., et al., Abiogenic organic polymers in ejecta of recent volcanism, in Vulkanizm, biosfera i ekologicheskie problemy (Volcanism, the Biosphere, and Ecologic Problems), Proc. IX conf. with international participation, Maikop: Magarin O.G., 2018a, pp. 116–120.

  33. Silaev, V.I., Anikin, L.P., Shanina, S.N., et al., Abiogennye kondensirovannye organicheskie polimery v produktakh sovremennogo vulkanizma v svyazi s problemoi vozniknoveniya zhizni na Zemle (Abiogenic Condensed Organic Polymers in Ejecta of Recent Volcanism in Relation to the Origin of Life on Earth), Syktyvkar: Geoprint, 2018b.

  34. Silaev, V.I., Karpov, G.A., Petrovsky, V.A., Anikin, L.P., and Sukharev, A.E., The Tolbachik carbon–diamond phenomenon. Problems of non-kimberlite diamond potential, in Sbornik nauchnykh trudov XX Mezhdunarodnoi nauchno-tekhnicheskoi konferentsii “Vysokie tekhnologii v promyshlennosyi Rossii” (Proc. XX International conference “High Technologies in the Russian Industries”), Moscow, 2018c, pp. 87–102.

  35. Silaev, V., Anikin, L., Petrovsky, V., and Karpov, G., A biogenic organic polymers in products of modern volkanism, Ural. Geol. Zhurn., 2018d, no. 3, pp. 40–51.

  36. Simakin, A.G. and Salova, T.P., On the origin of diamonds in a mantle wedge, in Fiziko-khimicheskie i petrofizicheskie issledovaniya v naukakh o Zemle (Physico-Chemical and Petrophysical Research in Earth Sciences), Proc. XVII Intern. Conf., Moscow, 2016, pp. 304–307.

  37. Stepanshchikov, D.G., Various representations of actual crystal forms, in Kristallicheskie i tverdye nekristallicheskie sostoyaniya mineralnykh veshchestv (Crystalline and Solid Noncrystalline States of Mineral Substances), Proc. Mineralogical Seminar with international participation, Syktyvkar: Geoprint, 2012, pp. 64–66.

  38. Zemtsov, A.N., Tron, A.A., and Markhinin, E.K., On electrical discharges in ash–gas clouds due to volcanic eruptions, Byull. Vulkanol. St., 1976, no. 52, pp. 19–23.

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We express our deep gratitude for the cooperation and great help rendered in this study to candidates of geologic–mineralogical sciences D.V. Kiseleva, S.N. Shanina, B.A. Makeev, and V.A. Rashidov, as well as to researchers V.N. Filippov, A.S. Shuisky, V.M. Chubarov, and K.V. Tarasov.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geology, Komi Science Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pervomaiskaya, 54, 167982, Syktyvkar, Russia

    V. I. Silaev & I. V. Smoleva

  2. Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, bul’var Piipa, 9, 683006, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskii, Russia

    G. A. Karpov, L. P. Anikin & L. P. Vergasova

  3. St. Petersburg Institute of Mining Sciences, Vasilievsky Ostrov, 21st liniya, 2, 199106, St. Petersburg, Russia

    E. A. Vasiliev

Authors
  1. V. I. Silaev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. A. Karpov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. L. P. Anikin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. E. A. Vasiliev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. L. P. Vergasova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. I. V. Smoleva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to V. I. Silaev or G. A. Karpov.

Additional information

Translated by A. Petrosyan

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Silaev, V.I., Karpov, G.A., Anikin, L.P. et al. Mineral Phase Paragenesis in Explosive Ejecta Discharged by Recent Eruptions in Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands. Part 1. Diamonds, Carbonaceous Phases, and Condensed Organoids. J. Volcanolog. Seismol. 13, 323–334 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046319050051

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0742046319050051

Keywords:

Search

Navigation