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New Small Bunodont Metatherian from the Late Eocene of the Argentinean Puna

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Abstract

We describe here a new small bunodont metatherian from Priabonian deposits of the Geste Formation exposed in the Puna of Catamarca Province (Argentina). The material, an isolated right M2?, was recovered by screen-washing techniques and allows us to erect the new species Apeirodon sorianoi. The combination of diagnostic characters includes triangular occlusal pattern, bunoid, with an equally developed stylocone and cusp D, absence of cusp C, protoconal base wide, preparacrista and postmetacrista short, well-developed paracingulum, presence of double rank postvallum-prevallid shear, and presence of small paraconule and larger metaconule that is distolingually located. The overall morphology of Apeirodon more closely resembles Glasbius (particularly G.twitchelli) than any other Cretaceous-Paleogene American metatherian, supporting the largely accepted hypothesis proposing a common origin for some North and South American metatherian lineages. Apeirodon also resembles Reigia punae (another small metatherian recovered from the same stratigraphic levels), Chulpasia, Palangania, and specimens referred to Bobbschaefferia. Tentatively, we propose the inclusion of Apeirodon and Reigia as early divergent members of Polydolopimorphia based on the presence of bunodonty, enlarged stylocone and cusp D, and a distolingually-shifted metaconule. These features, incipiently developed in these late Eocene taxa, are emphasized in later representatives of the order. The presence of a generalized putative polydolopimorphian in Priabonian deposits of northwestern Argentina highlights the key temporal and spatial position of the region in the context of the evolution of Paleogene South American mammals.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Guadalupe Saadi, Carlos Palacios, and Lucas Soriano from the Departamento de Comunidades de Altura (Catamarca Province) who kindly contributed to our field work in Antofagasta de la Sierra. Other field trip facilities were arranged by INSUGEO. We also thank Luciano Martínez and Hernán Esquivel (CIME-Tucumán) for assistance with photography. We are very grateful to F. Goin and P. Sarmiento (MLP) for supplying the micrographs of Reigia punae and with E. Tonni, J. Moly, and J. Gelfo (MLP) who provided the calcotype of this species. Robin Beck (University of Salford) and an anonymous reviewer provided very helpful comments on this paper.

Funding

This study was funded by Fundación Miguel Lillo (CUP G-0035-1), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2016–3682), and Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (PIUNT G619).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Paleontología, Fundación Miguel Lillo-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina

    María Judith Babot

  2. Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA

    Guillermo W. Rougier & Brian M. Davis

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Miguel Lillo 205, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina

    Daniel García-Lopez

  4. Instituto Superior de Correlación Geológica-CONICET, Miguel Lillo 205, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, T4000JFE, Argentina

    Daniel García-Lopez

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  1. María Judith Babot
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Babot, M.J., Rougier, G.W., García-Lopez, D. et al. New Small Bunodont Metatherian from the Late Eocene of the Argentinean Puna. J Mammal Evol 27, 373–384 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-019-09468-7

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