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Application and Evaluation of a Two-Wavelength Scintillometry System for Operation in a Complex Shallow Boreal-Forested Valley

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Abstract

Two-wavelength scintillometer systems can provide much needed measurements of area-averaged sensible and latent heat fluxes. However, these devices rarely have been deployed on canopy-covered complex terrain, and never in the circumpolar boreal biome, where large-scale fluxes are essential to hydroclimate modellers. We present a comparison of fluxes measured above a boreal-forested valley with a two-wavelength scintillometer and an eddy covariance system. Instruments were deployed in late summer 2017, and 19 days of data were retained for the analysis. The scintillometer path was 1347-m long and projected across the valley between 5 and 100 m above the ground, with an effective height of \(\approx \)88 m. The limitations of deriving surface fluxes using scintillometry in complex terrain are discussed, and the effects of atmospheric conditions on the flux comparison are quantified. Fluxes are calculated with the scintillometer only, and using a number of atmospheric variables from the eddy-covariance system; impacts of these calculation methods on the correlation between instrumental systems are assessed. Despite a weak agreement of structure parameters between instruments, the comparison of scintillometer and eddy-covariance fluxes yields good correlation (\(R^2\) up to 0.82). Scintillometry correlates best with eddy-covariance data when the atmospheric surface-layer top is above the scintillometer effective height, but \(R^2\) only drops slightly otherwise (average decrease of 0.11). The validity of scintillometer fluxes appears dubious during night-time and stable periods. We show that area-averaged flux measurements using two-wavelength scintillometers are possible in hilly forests, but more studies are needed to pinpoint the best methodological framework.

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Fig. 1

(Source: Ministère Forêts, Faune et Parcs du Québec)

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge all Montmorency Forest staff, especially Patrick Pineault and Charles Villeneuve, for their extremely valuable help in the field. We also would like to thank Annie-Claude Parent, Dany Crépault, Denis Jobin, Gonzalo Leonardini, Bram Hadiwijaya, Achut Parajuli, Laurie Migneault, Carine Poncelet, Antoine Thiboult, Guillaume Frédéric Hazemann, Jonas Götte, and Julie-Anne Pelletier-Bergeron for their help installing and maintaining the scintillometer towers. This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Ouranos Consortium, Hydro-Québec, Environment and Climate Change Canada, and Ministère de l’Environnement et de la Lutte contre les Changements climatiques (MELCC), through NSERC project RDCPJ-477125-14, by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation - John R. Evans Leaders Fund #33869, and by the the Fonds de recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies (FRQNT).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CentrEau - Water Research Centre, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

    Pierre-Erik Isabelle, Daniel F. Nadeau & François Anctil

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

    Alexei O. Perelet & Eric R. Pardyjak

  3. Institut national de la recherche scientifique - Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, QC, Canada

    Alain N. Rousseau

  4. Department of Civil and Water Engineering, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada

    Pierre-Erik Isabelle, Daniel F. Nadeau & François Anctil

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  1. Pierre-Erik Isabelle
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Isabelle, PE., Nadeau, D.F., Perelet, A.O. et al. Application and Evaluation of a Two-Wavelength Scintillometry System for Operation in a Complex Shallow Boreal-Forested Valley. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 174, 341–370 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00488-7

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