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Innovative Treatment of Organic Contaminants in Reverse Osmosis Concentrate from Water Reuse: a Mini Review

  • Water Pollution (G Toor and L Nghiem, Section Editors)
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Abstract

Reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) from wastewater reclamation in water reuse retains concentrated toxic bio-refractory organics, and developing technologies for their removal is essential. This paper reviews innovative treatment technologies for organic contaminants in the ROC, and treatment options for applications are proposed. To adequately manage ROC, volume reduction and quality improvement are important. Forward osmosis (FO) can reduce the ROC volume. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) result in degrading organic contaminants and producing biodegradable organics, but the reduction of energy consumption is required. Coagulation is an effective option as a pre-treatment of AOPs and can improve the biodegradability of ROC. Partial use of short-time AOPs can transform high molecular weight organics into relatively biodegradable organics. Among AOPs, a rotating advanced oxidation contactor (RAOC) can be an energy-saving technique for removing bio-refractory organics from ROC using solar light irradiation. Post-biological treatment can significantly save energy and efficiently eliminate biodegradable organics that are produced by AOPs. Microalgae cultivation is also an effective option for resource recovery from ROC. Considering the techniques, an integrated process comprising FO, pre-coagulation, short-time and/or solar-driven AOPs (e.g., RAOC), and post-biological treatment is proposed as an energy-saving and cost-effective technology for ROC treatment.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Dennis Murphy of The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University for editing a draft of this manuscript.

Funding

This work was financially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 16H02372.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8566, Japan

    Qun Xiang

  2. Research and Education Faculty, Natural Sciences Cluster, Agriculture Unit, Kochi University, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan

    Youhei Nomura & Taku Fujiwara

  3. Paper Industry Innovation Center of Ehime University, 127 Mendori-cho, Shikokuchuo, Ehime, 799-0113, Japan

    Shuji Fukahori

  4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda-Nakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka, 572-8508, Japan

    Tadao Mizuno

  5. Research Center for Environmental Quality Management, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto university, 1-2 Yumihama, Otsu, Shiga, 520-0811, Japan

    Hiroaki Tanaka

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  1. Qun Xiang
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  2. Youhei Nomura
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Correspondence to Taku Fujiwara.

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Xiang, Q., Nomura, Y., Fukahori, S. et al. Innovative Treatment of Organic Contaminants in Reverse Osmosis Concentrate from Water Reuse: a Mini Review. Curr Pollution Rep 5, 294–307 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-019-00119-2

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