Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Geochemical and Isotope Characteristics of Carbonates from Ejecta of Mud Volcanoes of the Kura Basin, Azerbaijan

  • Published:
Lithology and Mineral Resources Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper is devoted to the vein and dispersed carbonates from ejecta of mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan. The vein calcites are morphologically diverse and related to the healing of fracture systems. Most of them have δ13C (from –4 to +2‰) and δ18O (from +20 to +26‰) typical of marine carbonates. Some volcanoes contain fragments of the vein calcites enriched in light carbon (δ13C from –49.2 to –6‰), which could be formed in methane seep discharge sites during the Caspian Sea highstand period. In the dispersed carbonates from the clay pulp, the values of δ13C and δ18O change from –6.1 to +11.9‰ and from +23.8 to +32.7‰, respectively. It is shown that the studied carbonate matter has no genetic relation with the modern mud volcanic waters, which are characterized by high concentrations of \({\text{HCO}}_{3}^{-}\) (up to 8 g/L) and values of δ13C(TDIC) (δ13Cav= +20.0‰) and δ18O(H2O) (δ18Oav= +4.0‰). Based on isotope characteristics and REE patterns, the vein calcites can be ascribed to the products of seawater-assisted postsedimentation transformation of sedimentary carbonates. The obtained data revealed a complete hydrodynamic isolation of mud volcanic channels from aquiferous complexes of host rocks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. For comparison, we also studied some volcanoes of the Gobustan and Absheron Peninsula.

  2. This observation can be slightly subjective, because the platelets of carbonate veins separated from the host rocks firstly attract attention during the study of the volcanoes.

  3. Cean = Cean = (Ce/CePAAS)/(2Pr/PrPAAS – Nd/NdPAAS) Euan = (Eu/EuPAAS)/(0.5 × Sm/SmPAAS + 0.5 × Gd/GdPAAS) (Bulhar et al., 2004).

REFERENCES

  1. Aliev, Ad.A., Mud volcanism in the South Caspian petroliferous basin, Tr. Inst. Geol. NANA, 2003, no. 31, pp. 21–47.

  2. Aliev, Ad.A. and Buniat-Zade, Z.A., Gryazevye vulkany Prikurinskoi neftegazonosnoi oblasti (Mud Volcanoes in the Kura Petroliferous Region), Baku: Elm, 1969.

  3. Aliev, Ad.A., Guliev, I.S., and Rakhmanov, R.R., Katalog izverzhenii gryazevykh vulkanov Azerbaidzhana (1810–2007 gg.) (Catalog of Mud Volcanic Eruptions in Azerbaijan (1807–2007), Baku: Nafta-Press, 2009.

  4. Aliev, Ad.A., Guliev, I.S., Dadashev, F.G., and Rakhmanov, R.R., Atlas gryazevykh vulkanov mira (Atlas of Mud Volcanoes in the World), Baku: Nafta-Press, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Aliev, R.M., Study of the ontogeny of calcite crystals from the Dashkesan iron ore deposit, in Genezis mineral’nykh individov i agregatov: ontogeniya mineralov (Genesis of Mineral Individulas and Aggregates: Ontogeny of Minerals), Grigor’ev, D.P., Eds., Moscow: Nauka, 1966.

  6. Avdusin, P.P., Gryazevye vulkany Krymsko-Kavkazskoi geologicheskoi provintsii: petrograficheskie issledovaniya (Mud Volcanoes in the Crimean–Caucasian Geological Province), Moscow: AN SSSR, 1948.

  7. Bau, M. and Dulski, P., Distribution of yttrium and rare earth elements in the Penge and Kuruman iron-formations, Transvaal Supergroup, South Africa, Precambrian Res., 1996, vol. 79, pp. 37–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Bezrodnykh, Yu.P., Deliya, S.V., Lavrushin, V.Yu., et al., Gas seeps in the North Caspian water area, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 2013, no. 5, pp. 373–383.

  9. Bolhar, R., Kamber, B.S., Moorbath, S., et al., Characterisation of early Archaean chemical sediments by trace element signatures, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 2004, vol. 222, pp. 43–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Campbell, K.A., Hydrocarbon seep and hydrothermal vent paleoenvironments and paleontology: past developments and future research directions, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol, 2006, vol. 232, pp. 362–407.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Censi, P., Sprovieri, M., Saiano, F., et al., The behaviour of REEs in Thailand’s Mae Klong estuary: Suggestions from the Y/Ho ratios and lanthanide tetrad effects, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 2007, vol. 71, pp. 569–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Chow, N., Morad, S., and Al-Aasm, I.S., Origin of authigenic Mn-Fe carbonates and pore-water evolution in marine sediments: evidence from Cenozoic strata of the Arctic Ocean and Norwegian-Greenland Sea (ODP LEG 151), J. Sediment. Res., 2000, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 682–699.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. De Baar, H.J.W., German, C.R., Elderfield, H., and van Gaans, P., Rare earth element distributions in anoxic waters of the Cariaco Trench, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1988, vol. 52, pp. 1203–1219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Deines, P., Langmuir, D., and Harmon, R.S., Stable carbon isotope ratios and the existence of a gas phase in the evolution of carbonate ground waters, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1974, vol. 38, pp. 1147–1164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Dubinin, A.V., Geochemistry of rare earth elements in the ocean, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 2004, no. 4, pp. 289–307.

  16. Dubinin, A.V., Geokhimiya redkozemel’nykh elementov v okeane (Geochemistry of Rare Earth elements in the Ocean), Moscow: Nauka, 2006.

  17. Feyzullaev, A.A. and Movsumova, U.A., The nature of the isotopically heavy carbon of carbon dioxide and bicarbonates in the waters of mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, Geochem. Int, 2010, no. 5, pp. 517–512.

  18. Faure, G., Principles of Isotope Geology, New York: Wiley, 1986. Translated under the title Osnovy izotopnoi geologii, Moscow: Mir, 1989.

  19. Geologiya Azerbaidzhana (Geology of Azerbaijan), Baku: Nafta-Press, 2005, vol. 2.

  20. Geologiya Azerbaidzhana (Geology of Azerbaijan), Baku: Nafta-Press, 2008, vol. 7.

  21. Grigoryants, B.V., Mud volcanism as a source of geological information, Geotectonics, 2001, no. 3, pp. 207–216.

  22. Gubkin, I.M. and Fedorov, S.F., Gryazevye vulkany Sovetskogo Soyuza i ikh svyaz' s genezisom neftyanykh mestorozhdenii Krymsko-Kavkazskoi geologicheskoi provintsii (Mud Volcanoes in the Soviet Union and Their Relation to the Genesis of Oil Fields in the Crimean–Caucasian Geological Province), Moscow: AN SSSR, 1938.

  23. Guliev, I.S., Pavlenkova, N.I., and Radzhabov, M.M., The regional decompaction zone in the sedimentary cover of the South Caspian Depression, Litol. Polezn. Iskop., 1988, no. 5, pp. 123–136.

  24. Guliev, I.S., Feizullaev, A.A., and Huseynov, D.A., Fluids of mud volcanoes in the southern Caspian sedimentary basin: Geochemistry and sources in light of new data on the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopic compositions, Geochem. Int., 2004, no. 7, pp. 688–697.

  25. Gulyaeva, L.A., Boron in mud volcanoes, in Rezul’taty issledovaniya gryazevykh vulkanov Krymsko-Kavkazskoi geologicheskoi provintsii (Results of the Study of Mud Volcanoes in the Crimean–Caucasian Geological Province), Moscow: AN SSSR, 1939, pp. 103–123.

  26. Johannesson, K.H. and Lyons, W.B., The rare earth element geochemistry of Mono Lake water and the importance of carbonate complexing, Limnol. Oceanogr., 1994, vol. 39, no. 5, pp. 1141–1154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Johannesson, K.H., Lyons, W.B., and Bird, D.A., Rare earth element concentrations and speciation in alkaline lakes from the western U.S.A., Geophys. Rev. Lett., 1994, vol. 21, no. (9), pp. 773–776.

  28. Khimiya okeana (Chemistry of the Ocean), Moscow: Nauka, 1979, vol. 2.

  29. Kim, S.-T. and O’Neil, J.R., Equilibrium and nonequilibrium oxygen isotope effects in synthetic carbonates, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1997, vol. 61, pp. 3461–3475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kirmasov, A.B., Osnovy strukturnogo analiza (Principles of the Structural Analysis), Moscow: Nauchn. Mir, 2011.

  31. Kolesnik, O.N. and Kolesnik, A.N., Rare earth elements in ferromanganese nodules of the Chukchi Sea, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 2015, no. 3, pp. 181–191.

  32. Kovalevskii, S.A., Gryazevye vulkany Yuzhno-Kaspiiskogo regiona (Azerbaidzhan i Turkmeniya) (Mud Volcanoes in the South Caspian Region: Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan), Baku: Aztoptekhizdat, 1940.

  33. Lagunova, I.A. and Gemp, S.D., Hydrogeochemical features of mud volcamoes, Sov. Geol., 1978, no. 8, pp. 108–124.

  34. Lavrushin, V.Yu. and Kuleshov, V.N., Oolites of the Caspian Sea (Regularities of distribution and isotope-geochemical peculiarities), Lithol. Miner. Resour., 1999, no. 6, pp. 546–566.

  35. Lavrushin, V.Yu., Podzemnye flyuidy Bol’shogo Kavkaza i ego obramleniya (Underground Fluids in the Greater Caucasus and Its Framing), Polyak, B.G., Ed., Moscow: GEOS, 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Lavrushin, V.Yu., Guliev, I.S., Kikvadze, O.E., et al., Waters from mud volcanoes of Azerbaijan: Isotopic–geochemical properties and generation environments, Lithol. Miner. Resour., 2015, no. 1, pp. 1–25.

  37. Lee, Y.-J. and Witschko, D.V., Fault controlled sequential vein dilation: competition between slip and precipitation rates in the Austin Chalk, Texas, J. Struct. Geol., 2000, vol. 22, pp. 1247–1260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Lein, A.Yu. and Ivanov, M.V., Biogeokhimicheskii tsikl metana v okeane (Biogeichemical Cycle of Methane in the Ocean), Moscow: Nauka, 2009.

  39. Liu, Y.G., Miah, M.R.U., and Schmitt, R.A., Cerium: a chemical tracer for paleooceanic redox conditions, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1988, vol. 52, pp. 1361–1371.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Mackin, J.E. and Aller, R.A., Dissolved Al in sediments and waters of the East China Sea: Implications for authigenic mineral formation, Geochim. Cosmichim. Acta, 1984, vol. 48, pp. 281–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Mazzini, A., Svensen, H., Planke, S., et al., When mud volcanoes sleep: insight from seep geochemistry at the Dashgil mud volcano, Azerbaijan, Mar. Petr. Geol., 2009, vol. 26, pp. 1704–1715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Möller, P. and Bau, M., Rare-earth patterns with positive cerium anomaly in alkaline waters from Lake Van, Turkey, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 1993, vol. 117, pp. 671–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Planke, S., Svensen, H., Hovland, M., et al., Mud and fluid migration in active mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, Geo-Mar. Lett., 2003, vol. 23, pp. 258–268.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Rakhmanov, R.R., Gryazevye vulkany i ikh znacheniya v prognozirovanii gazoneftenosnosti nedr (Mud Volcanoes and Their Significance for Predicting Petroleum Potential in the Earth’s Interior), Moscow: Nedra, 1987.

  45. Schijf, J., De Baar, H.J.W., Wijbrans, J.R., and Landing, W.M., Dissolved rare earth elements in the Black Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 1991, vol. 38, suppl. 2, pp. S805–S823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Seletskii, Yu.B., Dehydration of clays as a possible factor of the formation of isotope composition in deep groundwaters, Vodn. Resur., 1978, no. 3, pp. 49–153.

  47. Seletskii, Yu.B., Deuterium and oxygen-18: Implication for the formation of waters in mud volcanoes, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol., 1991, no. 5, pp. 133–138.

  48. Sokol, E.V., Kozmenko, O.A., Khoury, H.N., et al., Calcareous sediments of the Muwaqqar Chalk Marl Formation, Jordan: Mineralogical and geochemical evidences for Zn and Cd enrichment, Gondwana Res., 2017, vol. 46, pp. 204–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Sokol, E.V., Kokh, S.N., Kozmenko, O.A., et al., Mineralogy and geochemistry of mud volcanic ejecta: a new look at the old issues (a case study from the Bulganak field, Northern Black Sea), Minerals, 2018, vol. 8, p. 344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Sunagawa, I., Variation of crystal habit of calcite, with special reference to the relation between crystal habit and crystallization stage, Rep. Geol. Surv. Japan, 1953, vol. 155, pp. 1–66.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Taylor, S.M. and McLennan, S.M., The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution, Oxford: Blackwell Sci, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Torokhov, M.P. and Mel’nikov, M.E., REE mineral phases from metasediments, basalts, and ferromanganese crusts in the Pacific, Gorn. Zh., 2009, no. 3, pp. 93–95.

  53. Treivus, E.B. and Silaev, V.I., Analysis of the ontogeny of the fibrous calcite: Evidence from its crystal, Vestn. Perm. Univ., Ser. Geol., 2016, vol. 2, no. 31, pp. 14–21.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Varentsov, I.M., Manganese Ores of Supergene Zone: Geochemistry of Formation, Berlin: Springer, 1996.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  55. Yakubov, A.A., Alizade, A.A., and Zeinalov, M.M., Gryazevye vulkany Azerbaidzhanskoi SSR. Atlas (Mud Volcanoes in the Azerbaijan SSR), Baku: AN Azerb. SSR, 1971.

  56. Yakubov, A.A., Grigor’yants, B.V., Aliev, A.D., et al., Gryazevoi vulkanizm Sovetskogo Soyuza i ego svyaz' s neftegazonosnost’yu (Mud Volcanoes in the Soviet Union and Its Relation to Petroleum Potential), Baku: ELM, 1980.

  57. Zachara, J.M., Cowan, C.E., and Resch, C.T., Sorption of divalent metals on calcite, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1991, vol. 55, pp. 1549–1562.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Zhao, Y.Y., Zheng, Y.F., and Chen, F., Trace element and strontium isotope constraints on sedimentary environment of Ediacaran carbonates in southern Anhui, South China, Chem. Geol., 2009, vol. 265, pp. 345–362.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The laboratory geochemical studies of carbonate material were supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project no. 17-17-01056). Carbonate samples were taken during expedition works supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 09-05-00225 and 11-05-00590).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, 119017, Moscow, Russia

    V. Yu. Lavrushin, B. G. Pokrovsky & O. E. Kikvadze

  2. Institute of Geology, National Academy of Sciences, pr. Javida 29A, Az1143, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Ad. A. Aliev

  3. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Koptyuga 3, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia

    O. A. Kozmenko & E. V. Sokol

Authors
  1. V. Yu. Lavrushin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ad. A. Aliev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. B. G. Pokrovsky
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. O. A. Kozmenko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. O. E. Kikvadze
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. E. V. Sokol
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to V. Yu. Lavrushin or Ad. A. Aliev.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lavrushin, V.Y., Aliev, A.A., Pokrovsky, B.G. et al. Geochemical and Isotope Characteristics of Carbonates from Ejecta of Mud Volcanoes of the Kura Basin, Azerbaijan. Lithol Miner Resour 54, 200–220 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490219030064

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0024490219030064

Search

Navigation