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Entropy evolution characteristics during an intense tropical cyclone

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Entropy characteristics are investigated during the tropical cyclone Haiyan (TCH) using the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model in a downscaling experiment with two nests, 18- and 6-km grid spacing. This TC was stronger than most Saffir–Simpson category 5 typhoons. In this research, entropy, air–sea thermodynamic disequilibrium (ASTD) and entropy fluxes (including surface, convective and lateral entropy fluxes) have been analyzed. Scale analysis of these parameters has been done using integrated values over two types of areas including fixed square-ring areas and circular structural-based areas, all surrounding TCH center. The considered parameters (using downscaled data with 6-km grid spacing) integrated over the various areas showed the maximum or minimum value with various lag or lead times, comparing with TCH peak intensity (at 18:00 UTC 07 November, when TCH made landfall in the Philippine Islands). In addition, the multiscale analysis emphasized that entropy transport between different parts of TCH could not be ignored. Most of the considered parameters integrated over the larger areas reached the extremum values before TCH maximum intensity. Integrating over the fixed square areas led to that more parameters got the extremum value before TCH greatest intensity comparing with those integrated over the circular structural-based areas. This indicates that it is unnecessary to focus only on the circular structural-based areas. Conclusively, hierarchy of derived extremum values of entropy and its derivations over the various scales (especially those integrated over the fixed square areas) showed that this parameter could be served as a relevant proxy parameter and its evolution is worthwhile to be considered in TC investigation.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive review comments and useful suggestions that helped us to improve an earlier version of this manuscript. The authors are thankful to NCEP-GFS and JMA teams for providing data. It should be noted that less than 15 percent of the results presented in the current manuscript is from the project No. 393-033-02 which is financially supported by the Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science.

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  1. Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran

    N. Pegahfar

  2. Department of Space Physics, Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    M. Gharaylou

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  1. N. Pegahfar
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Correspondence to N. Pegahfar.

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Pegahfar, N., Gharaylou, M. Entropy evolution characteristics during an intense tropical cyclone. Meteorol Atmos Phys 132, 461–482 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-019-00701-9

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