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Magma generation and sulfide saturation of Permian mafic-ultramafic intrusions from the western part of the Northern Tianshan in NW China: implications for Ni-Cu mineralization

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Abstract

Compared to Permian magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposits in the eastern part of the Northern Tianshan, such as Huangshan and Huangshandong, those in the western part (e.g., Baixintan and Lubei) are poorly documented. Zircon ID-TIMS U-Pb age data (279.7 ± 0.2 Ma) of lherzolite and LA-ICPMS U-Pb age data (277.8 ± 3.4 Ma) of a hornblende gabbro suggest the Lubei intrusion was emplaced in the Early Permian. The Baixintan and Lubei mafic-ultramafic intrusive rocks are characterized by enrichments of large ion lithophile elements and Th and U relative to the high field strength elements, as well as depletion of Nb and Ta relative to mid-ocean ridge basalt. The (87Sr/86Sr)t (0.70354–0.70713), εNd(t) (2.80 to + 7.05), and εHf(t) (2.50–18.4) values for the intrusions indicate that they have assimilated Tianshan basement rocks, whereas the Se/S ratios (181 × 10−6–418 × 10−6) and δ34SCDT values (− 0.13‰ to 0.90‰) of the sulfides suggest that crustal sulfur has not been incorporated into the magma. The decrease in Pd/Zr with increasing (Th/Nb)PM indicates that sulfide saturation accompanied crustal contamination. The olivine compositions and whole-rock chalcophile elements of the Baixintan and Lubei intrusions imply that the parental magma of the intrusive rocks in the west contains higher chalcophile elements than those in the east, which suggests that the mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the western part of the Northern Tianshan should be regarded as favorable Ni-Cu sulfide exploration targets.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1803113, 41672069, 41630316, 41303031, and 41820104007), the China Academy of Science “Light of West China” Program, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (JZ2018HGTB0246). We are very grateful to Weidong Li, Jiangtao Tian, and Dahai Li for the help during our field work. We also thank Kaiyuan Wang, Jing Hu, and Fang Xiao for their kind help on the analyses of isotopes and trace elements. Critical comments from Professor Chusi Li, another anonymous reviewer, and editorial inputs from guest editor Professor Marco Fiorentini are greatly appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ore Deposits and Exploration Centre, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193th Tunxi Road, Hefei, 230009, Anhui Province, China

    Yu-Feng Deng, Feng Yuan, Peter Hollings, Taofa Zhou & Bingbing Zhao

  2. Anhui Province Engineering Research Center for Mineral Resources and Mine Environments, Hefei, 230009, China

    Yu-Feng Deng, Feng Yuan & Taofa Zhou

  3. Centre for Exploration Targeting (CET), ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Yu-Feng Deng & Steven Denyszyn

  4. Xinjiang Research Centre for Mineral Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China

    Feng Yuan

  5. Department of Geology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON, P7B 5E1, Canada

    Peter Hollings

  6. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China

    Xie-Yan Song

  7. Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia

    Bin Fu

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Deng, YF., Yuan, F., Hollings, P. et al. Magma generation and sulfide saturation of Permian mafic-ultramafic intrusions from the western part of the Northern Tianshan in NW China: implications for Ni-Cu mineralization. Miner Deposita 55, 515–534 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-019-00890-8

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