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Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Heat Shock Stress and Determination of Molecular Markers Related to Heat Tolerance in Maize Hybrids

Physiologische und biochemische Auswirkungen einer Hitzeschockbelastung und Bestimmung von molekularen Markern für die Hitzetoleranz bei Maishybriden

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Abstract

Heat shock stress causes alteration in the physiological and molecular characteristics in plants due to the generation of reactive oxygen species which cause reduction in plant growth. In this study, four maize hybrids (Sc122, TWC 321, TWC 324 and TWC 352) were grown under normal temperature (25 °C) and after 12 days, a set of the four hybrids with three replicates was exposed to heat shock (45 °C) for 2 h. The results showed on the one hand that heat shock stress caused an increment in phytohormones (auxin, gibberellic acid and zeatin) except abscisic acid in two maize hybrids (Sc122 and TWC 321). On the other hand, all the parameters mentioned above were decreased significantly in the other maize hybrids (TWC 324 and TWC 352). In addition, osmolytes (proline and glycine betaine), polyamines (spermidine, putrescine, and spermine) and total soluble sugars were significantly increased in all maize hybrids but the most pronounced increases were recorded in the two maize hybrids Sc122 and TWC 321. These results confirm a previous study that the maize hybrids Sc122 and TWC 321 are considered as tolerant genotypes and the other two hybrids (TWC 324 and TWC 352) as sensitive genotypes. Differential gene expression under normal and heat shock conditions were adopted to search for some heat responsive genes in Egyptian maize hybrids. Three out of the five designed primers produced fragments. Alignment analysis revealed resemblance of the resulted fragments and some heat responsive genes in different species.

Zusammenfassung

Hitzeschockstress bewirkt eine Veränderung der physiologischen und molekularen Eigenschaften von Pflanzen durch die Bildung von reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies, was zu einer Verringerung des Pflanzenwachstums führt. In dieser Studie wurden vier Maishybriden (Sc122, TWC 321, TWC 324 und TWC 352) bei Normaltemperatur (25 °C) gezüchtet und nach 12 Tagen wurde ein Satz der vier Hybriden mit drei Replikaten 2 h lang einem Hitzeschock (45 °C) ausgesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten einerseits, dass Hitzeschockstress einen Anstieg der Phytohormone (Auxin, Gibberellinsäure und Zeatin) – bis auf Abscisinsäure – bei zwei Maishybriden (Sc122 und TWC 321) verursacht. Andererseits wurden alle oben genannten Parameter bei den anderen Maishybriden (TWC 324 und TWC 352) signifikant reduziert. Darüber hinaus wurden Osmolyten (Prolin und Glycinbetain), Polyamine (Spermidin, Putrescin und Spermin) und lösliche Zucker bei allen Maishybriden signifikant erhöht, wobei die stärksten Zuwächse bei den beiden Maishybriden Sc122 und TWC 321 zu verzeichnen waren. Diese Ergebnisse bestätigen eine frühere Studie, dass die Maishybriden Sc122 und TWC 321 als tolerante Genotypen und die beiden anderen Hybriden (TWC 324 und TWC 352) als sensitive Genotypen betrachtet werden. Die differenzielle Genexpression unter normalen und Hitzeschockbedingungen wurde angenommen, um nach hitzeempfindlichen Genen in ägyptischen Maishybriden zu suchen. Drei der fünf entwickelten Primer produzierten Fragmente. Die Alignment-Analyse ergab eine Ähnlichkeit der resultierenden Fragmente mit einigen hitzeempfindlichen Genen bei verschiedenen Arten.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Education, Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Ain Shams University, El Makres St. Roxy, 1575, Cairo, Egypt

    Heba I. Mohamed

  2. Field Crops Research Inst., Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt

    Naglaa A. Ashry & Marwa M. Ghonaim

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  1. Heba I. Mohamed
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H.I. Mohamed, N.A. Ashry and M.M. Ghonaim declare that they have no competing interests.

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Mohamed, H.I., Ashry, N.A. & Ghonaim, M.M. Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Heat Shock Stress and Determination of Molecular Markers Related to Heat Tolerance in Maize Hybrids. Gesunde Pflanzen 71, 213–222 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00467-5

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