Skip to main content
Log in

Optical Time-Resolved Diagnostics of Laser-Produced Plasmas

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Journal of Fusion Energy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The paper presents the general challenges of diagnostics for laser-produced plasmas related to their small dimensions and short duration but also to the presence of very strong temperature and density gradient in the plasma. In particular, we focus on more detailed examples related to optical diagnostics for the undercritical region of the plasma: shadowgraphy, schlieren, interferometry, polarimetry.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

(from [32])

Fig. 8

(from [33])

Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15

(from [1])

Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

(from [35])

Fig. 22
Fig. 23
Fig. 24
Fig. 25

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. A. Aliverdiev, D. Batani, R. Dezulian, T. Vinci, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, M. Koenig, V. Malka, Coronal hydrodynamics of laser-produced plasmas by interferometry. Phys. Rev. E. 78, 046404 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. K.L. Lancaster, J. Pasley, J.S. Green, D. Batani, S. Baton, R.G. Evans, L. Gizzi, R. Heathcote, C. Hernandez Gomez, M. Koenig, P. Koester, A. Morace, I. Musgrave, P.A. Norreys, F. Perez, J. Waugh, N. Woolsey, Temperature profiles derived from transverse optical shadowgraphy in ultra-intense laser plasma interactions at 6 × 1020 W/cm2. Phys. Plasmas 16, 056707 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Manclossi, D. Batani, D. Piazza, S. Baton, F. Amiranoff, M. Koenig, H. Popescu, P. Audebert, J.J. Santos, E. Martinolli, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, A. Antonicci, C. Rousseaux, M. Borghesi, C. Cecchetti, V. Malka, T. Hall, Optical shadowgraphy and proton imaging as diagnostics tools for fast electron propagation in ultra-high-intensity laser-matter interaction. Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids 160, 575 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. J.A. Stamper, B.H. Ripin, Faraday-rotation measurements of megagauss magnetic fields in laser-produced plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 138 (1975)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. F. Rosmej, A. Faenov, T. Pikuz, F. Flora, P. Di Lazzaro, S. Bollanti, N. Lisi, T. Letardi, A. Reale, L. Palladino, D. Batani, S. Bossi, A. Bernardinello, A. Scafati, L. Reale, A. Zigler, M. Fraenkel, E. Cowan, Inner-shell satellite transitions in dense short pulse plasmas. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 58, 859 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. E. Martinolli, M. Koenig, J.M. Boudenne, E. Perelli-Cippo, D. Batani, T.A. Hall, Conical crystal spectrograph for high brightness X-ray Kalpha spectroscopy in subpicosecond laser-solid interaction. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2024 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. H. Nishimura, Y. Inubushi, Y. Okano, S. Fujioka, T. Kai, T. Kawamura, D. Batani, A. Morace, R. Redaelli, C. Fourment, J. Santos, G. Malka, A. Boscheron, A. Casner, M. Koenig, T. Nakamura, T. Johzaki, H. Nagatomo, K. Mima, X-ray polarization spectroscopy to study energy transport in ultra-high intensity laser produced plasmas. J. Phys. 112, 022080 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  8. M. Koenig, J.M. Boudenne, P. Legriel, T. Grandpierre, D. Batani, S. Bossi, S. Nicolella, R. Benattar, A computer driven crystal spectrometer with CCD detectors for X-ray spectroscopy of laser–plasmas. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 2387 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. A. Stepanov, A. Starostin, V. Roerich, V. Makhrov, A. Faenov, A. Magunov, T. Pikuz, I. Skobelelev, F. Flora, S. Bollanti, P. Di Lazzaro, N. Lisi, T. Letardi, L. Palladino, A. Reale, D. Batani, S. Bossi, A. Bernardinello, A. Scafati, L. Reale, A. Osterheld, W. Goldstein, Modelling of the He-like magnesium spectral line radiation from the plasma created by XeCl and Nd-glass lasers. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 58, 937 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Batani, F. Bianconi, A. Giulietti, D. Giulietti, L. Nocera, Second harmonic polarisation and conversion efficiency in laser produced sparks. Opt. Commun. 70, 38 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. A. Giulietti, D. Giulietti, D. Batani, V. Biancalana, L. Gizzi, L. Nocera, E. Schifano, Spectroscopic evidence for sum frequency of forward and backscattered light in laser plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 524 (1989)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. D. Giulietti, V. Biancalana, D. Batani, A. Giulietti, L. Gizzi, L. Nocera, E. Schifano, Three half harmonic generation in laser plasma interaction: evidence for plasmon propagation. Il Nuovo Cimento 13 D, 845 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. L. Antonelli, D. Batani, A. Patria, O. Ciricosta, C. Cecchetti, P. Koester, L. Labate, A. Giulietti, L.A. Gizzi, A. Moretti, M. Richetta, L. Giuffrida, L. Torrisi, M. Kozlova, J. Nejdl, M. Sawicka, D. Margarone, B. Rus, G. Schurtz, X. Ribeyre, M. Lafon, C. Spindloe, T. O’Dell, Laser-plasma coupling in the shock-ignition intensity regime. Acta Tec. 56, T57 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  14. F. Pisani, M. Koenig, D. Batani, T. Hall, D. Desenne, J. Bruneau, C. Reverdin, Toroidal crystal spectrometer for time-resolved X-ray absorption diagnostic in dense plasmas. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 70, 3314 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. T. Hall, J. Al-Kuzee, A. Benuzzi, M. Koenig, J. Krishnan, N. Grandjouan, D. Batani, S. Bossi, S. Nicolella, Experimental observation of the shift and width of the aluminum K absorption edge in laser shock compressed plasmas. Europhys. Lett. 41(5), 495–500 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. D. Batani, L. Antonelli, S. Atzeni, J. Badziak, F. Baffigi, T. Chodukowski, F. Consoli, G. Cristoforetti, R. de Angelis, R. Dudzak, G. Folpini, L. Giuffrida, L.A. Gizzi, Z. Kalinowska, P. Koester, E. Krousky, M. Krus, L. Labate, T. Levato, Y. Maheut, G. Malka, D. Margarone, A. Marocchino, J. Nejdl, P. Nicolai, T. O’Dell, T. Pisarczyk, O. Renner, Y.J. Rhee, X. Ribeyre, M. Richetta, M. Rosinski, M. Sawicka, A. Schiavi, J. Skala, M. Smid, C. Spindloe, J. Ullschmied, A. Velyhan, T. Vinci, Generation of high pressure shocks relevant to the shock-ignition intensity regime. Phys. Plasmas 21, 032710 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Ravasio, M. Koenig, S. Le Pape, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, H.S. Park, C. Cecchetti, P. Patel, A. Schiavi, N. Ozaki, A. Mackinnon, B. Loupias, D. Batani, T. Boehly, M. Borghesi, R. Dezulian, E. Henry, M. Notley, S. Bandyopadhyay, R. Clarke, T. Vinci, Hard X-ray radiography for density measurement in shock compressed matter. Phys. Plasmas 15, 060701 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Ravasio, S. Le Pape, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, L. Romagnani, C. Cecchetti, D. Batani, T. Boehly, M. Borghesi, R. Dezulian, L. Gremillet, E. Henry, D. Hicks, B. Loupias, A. McKinnon, N. Ozaki, H.S. Park, P. Patel, A. Schiavi, T. Vinci, R. Clarke, M. Notley, S. Bandyopadhyay, M. Koenig, Proton radiography of a shock compressed target. Phys. Rev. E. 82, 016407 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. M. Koenig, B. Faral, J.M. Boudenne, D. Batani, S. Bossi, A. Benuzzi, Use of optical smoothing techniques for shock wave generation in laser produced plasmas. Phys. Rev. E Rapid Commun. 50, R3314–R3317 (1994)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Benuzzi, W. Nazarov, M. Koenig, J. Krishnan, B. Faral, M. Temporal, D. Batani, L. Muller, F. Torsiello, T. Hall, N. Grandjouan, Dynamics of laser produced shocks in foam-solid targets. Phys. Plasmas Lett. 5, 2827–2829 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. D. Batani, A. Benuzzi, M. Koenig, I. Krasyuk, P. Pashinin, A. Semenov, I. Lomonosov, V. Fortov, Problems of measurement of dense plasma heating in laser shock wave compression. Plasma Phys. Controll. Fusion 41, 93–103 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Skupsky, S. Kacenjar, Measuring fuel ρR for inertial fusion experiments using neutron elastic-scattering reactions. J. Appl. Phys. 52, 2608 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. J.A. Frenje, D.T. Casey, C.K. Li, J.R. Rygg, F.H. Séguin, R.D. Petrasso, V. Yu Glebov, D.D. Meyerhofer, T.C. Sangster, S. Hatchett, S. Haan, C. Cerjan, O. Landen, M. Moran, P. Song, D.C. Wilson, R.J. Leeper, First measurements of the absolute neutron spectrum using the magnetic recoil spectrometer at OMEGA. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 10E502 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. T. Caillaud, O. Landoas, M. Briat, S. Kime, B. Rossé, I. Thfoin, J.L. Bourgade, L. Disdier, V.Y. Glebov, F.J. Marshall, T.C. Sangster, Development of the large neutron imaging system for inertial confinement fusion experiments. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 033502 (2012)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. I.H. Hutchinson, Principles of Plasma Diagnostics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987)

    Google Scholar 

  26. S. Minardi et al., Opt. Lett. 33, 86 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. M.M. Michaelis et al., Opt. Laser Technol. 23(5), 283 (1991)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. M.M. Michaelis, O. Willi, Opt. Commun. 36(2), 153 (1981)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. G. de Izarra, C. De Izarra, Quantitative shadowgraphy made easy. Eur. J. Phys. 33(6), 1821 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. G.S. Settles, Schlieren and Shadowgraph Techniques (Springer, Berlin, 2001)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. D. Haberberger, S. Ivancic, S.X. Hu, R. Boni, M. Barczys, R.S. Craxton, D.H. Froula, Measurements of electron density profiles using an angular filter refractometer. Phys. Plasmas 21, 056304 (2014)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. D. Batani, S.D. Baton, M. Manclossi, D. Piazza, M. Koenig, A. Benuzzi-Mounaix, H. Popescu, C. Rousseaux, M. Borghesi, C. Cecchetti, A. Schiavi, Laser-driven fast electron dynamics in gaseous media under the influence of large electric fields. Phys. Plasmas 16, 033104 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. D. Batani, S.D. Baton, M. Manclossi, J.J. Santos, F. Amiranoff, M. Koenig, E. Martinolli, A. Antonicci, C. Rousseaux, M. Rabec Le Gloahec, T. Hall, V. Malka, T.E. Cowan, J. King, R. Freeman, Ultra-intense laser-produced fast electron propagation in gas jets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 055004 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. A. Faenov, A. Magunov, T. Pikuz, D. Batani, G. Lucchini, F. Canova, M. Piselli, Bright, point X-ray source based on a commercial portable 40 ps Nd YAG laser system. Laser Part. Beams 22, 373–379 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. D.W. Sweeney, D.T. Attwood, L.W. Coleman, Interferometric probing of laser produced plasmas. Appl. Opt. 15, 1126–1128 (1976)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. K.A. Nugent, Interferogram analysis using an accurate fully automatic algorithm. Appl. Opt. 18, 3101 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. P. Tomassini, A. Giulietti, L.A. Gizzi, M. Galimberti, D. Giulietti, M. Borghesi, O. Willi, Analyzing laser plasma interferograms with a continuous wavelet transform ridge extraction technique. Appl. Opt. 40(35), 6561 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. Flacco, A. Guemnie-Tafo, R. Nuter, M. Veltcheva, D. Batani, E. Lefebvre, V. Malka, Characterization of a controlled plasma expansion in vacuum for laser driven ion acceleration. J. Appl. Phys. 104, 103304 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. M. Tatarakis et al., Phys. Plasmas 5(3), 682 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. C.B. Wharton, M.A. Heald, Plasma Diagnostics with Microwaves (Wiley, New York, 1965)

    Google Scholar 

  41. I.B. Zeldovich, A.A. Ruzmaikin, D.D. Sokolov, The Fluid Mechanics of Astrophysics and Geophysics, vol. 3 (Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York, 1983), p. 381

    Google Scholar 

  42. M. Borghesi, A.J. Mackinnon, R. Gaillard, O. Willi, A. Pukhov, J. Meyer-ter Vehn, Large quasistatic magnetic fields generated by a relativistically intense laser pulse propagating in a preionized plasma. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5137–5140 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. S.E. Segre, A review of plasma polarimetry—theory and methods. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41(2), R57 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. M. Tatarakis et al., Nature 415, 280 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. M. Tatarakis et al., Phys. Plasmas 9(5), 2244 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. A.S. Sandhu, A.K. Dharmadhikari, P.P. Rajeev, G.R. Kumar, S. Sengupta, A. Das, P.K. Kaw, Laser-generated ultrashort multi-megagauss magnetic pulses in plasmas. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 225002 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. S. Mondal, V. Narayanan, A.D. Lad, S. Ahmed, S. Sengupta, A. Das, Z.M. Sheng, P.K. Kaw, G. Ravindra Kumar, Measurement of hot electron transport in overdense plasma via self induced giant magnetic pulses. J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 44, 022049 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  48. M. Tatarakis, A. Gopal, I. Watts, F.N. Beg, A.E. Dangor, K. Krushelnick, U. Wagner, P.A. Norreys, E.L. Clark, M. Zepf, R.G. Evans, Measurements of ultrastrong magnetic fields during relativistic laser–plasma interactions. Phys. Plasmas 9, 2244–2250 (2002)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. A. Gopal, S. Minardi, M. Burza, G. Genoud, I. Tzianaki, A. Karmakar, P. Gibbon, M. Tatarakis, A. Persson, C.-G. Wahlström, Megagauss magnetic field generation by ultra-short pulses at relativistic intensities. Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 55, 035002 (2013)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Enabling Research Projects: AWP17-ENR-IFE-CEA-01 «Preparation and Realization of European Shock Ignition Experiments» and AWP17-ENR-IFE-CEA-02 «StarkZee: Towards a universal benchmarked Stark-Zeeman code for spectroscopic diagnostics» and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No. 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. The work was also supported by the Competitiveness Program of NRNU MEPhI, Russia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to D. Batani.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Batani, D., Santos, J., Forestier-Colleoni, P. et al. Optical Time-Resolved Diagnostics of Laser-Produced Plasmas. J Fusion Energ 38, 299–314 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-019-00218-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10894-019-00218-4

Keywords

Navigation