Abstract
Here we show that Atlantic windstorms of extreme category in northern winter tend to follow a well-defined route toward the Atlantic sector of Arctic, and that heat and moisture transported by these extreme storms significantly warm the Arctic. A positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) condition and the associated intensified upper-level Atlantic jet provide favorable conditions for those extreme storm developments through enhanced vertical wind shear. These extreme windstorms lead to two discernible impacts on the Arctic: 1) enhanced poleward energy transport by moisture intrusion to the Arctic, which accompanies increased longwave downward radiation and 2) the occurrence of blocking-like patterns after the storm break-up. During these periods, significant Arctic warming was observed of a 10-fold increase versus normal and weak storms. The poleward deflections of extreme storms, and the Arctic warming driven by such storms, are well simulated in numerical experiments with ocean-atmosphere coupled models.
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This study was supported by ‘Development and Application of the Korea Polar Prediction System (KPOPS) for Climate Change and Weather Disaster (PE19130)’ project of the Korea Polar Research Institute.
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Hong, JY., Kim, BM., Baek, EH. et al. A Critical Role of Extreme Atlantic Windstorms in Arctic Warming. Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci 56, 17–28 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-019-00123-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-019-00123-y