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Influence of differential stress on the growth of wet enstatite and enstatite-forsterite reaction rims

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Abstract

Reaction rim growth experiments provide insight into mass transport phenomena, which are important for metamorphic rock-forming processes and deformation mechanisms. We investigated the formation of enstatite single rims between quartz and forsterite and of enstatite-forsterite double rims between quartz and periclase using porous polycrystalline starting materials. About 3 wt% water was added, acting as a catalyst for reactions. Experiments of mainly 4 and 23 h duration were performed in a Paterson-type deformation apparatus at 1000 °C temperature, 400 MPa confining pressure and differential stresses between 0 and 46 MPa. The resulting reaction rim width varied between <1 μm and ≈ 23 μm, depending on duration and type of reaction product. At isostatic pressure conditions, our data indicate that rim growth is proportional to time, controlled by dissolution-precipitation at interfaces of interconnected fluid-filled pores. In contrast, under non-isostatic stress conditions the reaction rim thickness increases non-linearly with time, implying diffusion-controlled growth. The magnitude of differential stress has no systematic influence on the reaction rate. Microstructural observations suggest that deformation-induced reduction of interconnected porosity causes this change in rate-controlling mechanism. For a natural MgO-SiO2 system, the results infer that fast interface-controlled reaction in the presence of high amounts of water is easily suppressed by concurrent deformation.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Stefan Gehrmann for sample preparation, Anja Schreiber for FIB sample preparation, Michael Naumann for technical support with the Paterson apparatus, Richard Wirth for help with the TEM, Monika Koch-Müller (all Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ) for help with FTIR, Oona Appelt and Sabine Meister (Freie Universität Berlin) for help with the EPMA, and Ilona Schäpan for help with the SEM. We further like to thank Reinhard Uecker (Leibnitz Institute for Crystal Growth) for providing a forsterite single crystal and Olaf Krause (University of Koblenz) for providing synthetic forsterite aggregates. The manuscript benefited from valuable discussions with Ralf Milke, Emmanuel Gardés and Petr Jeřábek. Very constructive reviews provided by Rainer Abart and an anonymous reviewer, as well as comments for handling by the Associate Editor William Guenthner, improved considerably the manuscript. This work was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft within the framework of FOR 741, Project RY 103/1-2, which is gratefully acknowledged.

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  1. Helmholtz Centre Potsdam German Research Centre for Geosciences – GFZ, Telegrafenberg, 14473, Potsdam, Germany

    Erik Rybacki & Vanessa Helpa

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  1. Erik Rybacki
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Correspondence to Erik Rybacki.

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Rybacki, E., Helpa, V. Influence of differential stress on the growth of wet enstatite and enstatite-forsterite reaction rims. Miner Petrol 113, 433–448 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00710-019-00667-x

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