Discretized superimposed optical fiber long-period gratings

Cosimo Trono; Federico Valeri; Francesco Baldini

doi:10.1364/OL.382325

Optics Letters
Vol. 45,
Issue 4,
pp. 807-810
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.382325

Discretized superimposed optical fiber long-period gratings

Cosimo Trono, Federico Valeri, and Francesco Baldini

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Cosimo Trono, Federico Valeri, and Francesco Baldini, "Discretized superimposed optical fiber long-period gratings," Opt. Lett. 45, 807-810 (2020)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: November 11, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: December 8, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: December 15, 2019
- Published: February 6, 2020

Abstract

A novel technique, to the best of our knowledge, for the inscription of superimposed long-period gratings with arbitrary grating pitches is proposed and experimentally validated. The technique is based on the discretization of an ideal continuous sinusoidal refractive index (RI) pattern with a step function. The RI variation is induced by means of the irradiation of a photosensitive fiber with a 248 nm UV laser beam. The nonlinear relation between the induced RI change and the UV fluence was experimentally derived. Two superimposed long-period grating (LPGs) with different grating pitches have been realized with the discretization technique; the transmission spectrum was compared with that of two superimposed LPGs obtained with the traditional square wave RI modulation. The validity of the proposed technique was demonstrated by the better spectral characteristics of the discretized superimposed LPGs.

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	${L P}_{06}$ , $Λ = 425 µ m$	${L P}_{09}$ , $Λ = 255 µ m$
$λ_{D}$ [Eq. (10)]	$1516.82 \pm 0.36$	$1391.8 \pm 1.3$
$A_{l}$ [Eq. (10)]	$3.415 \times 10^{- 5} \pm 6.2 \times 10^{- 7}$	$8.71 \times 10^{- 5} \pm 3.4 \times 10^{- 6}$
B [Eq. (10)]	$0.3028 \pm 0.0024$	$0.3067 \pm 0.0051$
Adj. R-Square	0.99986	0.99975

SQLPG	Single ${S Q L P G}_{1}$	Single ${S Q L P G}_{2}$	Superimposed ${S Q L P G}_{1}$	Superimposed ${S Q L P G}_{2}$
Fig. 4(a)	Black	Red	Blue	Blue
$Λ$ (µm)	425	255	425	255
F ( $J / {c m}^{2}$ )	50	50	50	50
N planes	96	160	96	160
L (mm)	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8
$γ_{06} \bar{δ n_{c o, e f f}}$	$1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$
$γ_{09} \bar{δ n_{c o, e f f}}$	$2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$
$λ_{r e s}$ (nm)	1462.26	1535.96	1484.01	1549.25
Att. (dB)	−12.79	−9.23	−4.88	−2.45
DLPG	Single $DLP G_{1}$	Single $DLP G_{2}$	Superimposed $DLP G_{1}$	Superimposed $DLP G_{2}$
Fig. 4(b)	Black	Red	Blue	Blue
$Λ$ (µm)	425	255	425	255
N periods	96	160	96	160
L (mm)	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8
a			0.5	0.5
$γ_{06} \bar{δ n_{c o, e f f}}$	$1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2 \times 1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2 \times 1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$
$γ_{09} \bar{δ n_{c o, e f f}}$	$2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2 \times 2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2 \times 2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$
$λ_{r e s}$ (nm)	1447.53	1524.20	1506.00	1561.01
Att. (dB)	−10.61	−9.06	−10.74	−9.52

	${L P}_{06}$ , $Λ = 425 µ m$	${L P}_{09}$ , $Λ = 255 µ m$
$λ_{D}$ [Eq. (10)]	$1516.82 \pm 0.36$	$1391.8 \pm 1.3$
$A_{l}$ [Eq. (10)]	$3.415 \times 10^{- 5} \pm 6.2 \times 10^{- 7}$	$8.71 \times 10^{- 5} \pm 3.4 \times 10^{- 6}$
B [Eq. (10)]	$0.3028 \pm 0.0024$	$0.3067 \pm 0.0051$
Adj. R-Square	0.99986	0.99975

SQLPG	Single ${S Q L P G}_{1}$	Single ${S Q L P G}_{2}$	Superimposed ${S Q L P G}_{1}$	Superimposed ${S Q L P G}_{2}$
Fig. 4(a)	Black	Red	Blue	Blue
$Λ$ (µm)	425	255	425	255
F ( $J / {c m}^{2}$ )	50	50	50	50
N planes	96	160	96	160
L (mm)	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8
$γ_{06} \bar{δ n_{c o, e f f}}$	$1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$
$γ_{09} \bar{δ n_{c o, e f f}}$	$2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$
$λ_{r e s}$ (nm)	1462.26	1535.96	1484.01	1549.25
Att. (dB)	−12.79	−9.23	−4.88	−2.45
DLPG	Single $DLP G_{1}$	Single $DLP G_{2}$	Superimposed $DLP G_{1}$	Superimposed $DLP G_{2}$
Fig. 4(b)	Black	Red	Blue	Blue
$Λ$ (µm)	425	255	425	255
N periods	96	160	96	160
L (mm)	40.8	40.8	40.8	40.8
a			0.5	0.5
$γ_{06} \bar{δ n_{c o, e f f}}$	$1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2 \times 1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2 \times 1.12 \times 10^{- 4}$
$γ_{09} \bar{δ n_{c o, e f f}}$	$2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2 \times 2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2 \times 2.89 \times 10^{- 4}$
$λ_{r e s}$ (nm)	1447.53	1524.20	1506.00	1561.01
Att. (dB)	−10.61	−9.06	−10.74	−9.52

Abstract

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Equations (10)

Optics Letters