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Reduced growth responses of mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant blackgrass to allelopathic wheat are driven by underground chemical interaction

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Abstract

Aims

The incidence of herbicide-resistant blackgrass is escalating in wheat fields; the development of alternatives to traditional herbicides is crucial. Allelopathic wheat can suppress blackgrass. Herein, we investigated the influence of allelopathic wheat on herbicide-resistant blackgrass.

Methods

Mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant and -susceptible blackgrass were used. We examined i) root interactions between allelopathic wheat and both blackgrass biotypes, ii) allelochemical 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) production by allelopathic wheat in a root segregation experiment, and iii) responses of allelopathic wheat to root exudates. Signal chemicals in the root exudates of both blackgrass biotypes were characterised.

Results

Allelopathic wheat inhibited the growth of roots more than shoots for resistant and susceptible blackgrass. Allelopathic wheat inhibited roots of resistant blackgrass more than those of susceptible blackgrass. Allelopathic wheat significantly shaped blackgrass root behaviour. Resistant blackgrass caused a lower relative increase in DIMBOA production by allelopathic wheat. Root segregation with 30 μm nylon led to greater growth inhibition of blackgrass and a relative increase in allelochemical DIMBOA. Root exudates from blackgrass induced DIMBOA production, but more so for susceptible blackgrass. The concentration of (−)-loliolide, a potential signal chemical, was much lower in the root exudates from resistant than susceptible blackgrass.

Conclusions

Allelopathic wheat can interfere with the growth of mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant blackgrass through allelochemical-mediated root interactions. Such allelopathic interference can provide insight into weed management.

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank Prof. Ruth A. Hufbauer at Colorado State University for critical reading and English editing of the manuscript. This work was supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Fund of Shanxi Agricultural University (grant numbers 2018YJ19, 2017YJ17), the Talent Introduction Fund of Shanxi Province (SXYBKY2018010), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800461).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China

    Xuefang Yang, Xi’E Song & Xiangyang Yuan

  2. School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China

    Yingying He

  3. Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultral Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China

    Yongfeng Li

  4. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China

    Dasheng Sun

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  1. Xuefang Yang
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Correspondence to Dasheng Sun.

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Yang, X., He, Y., Song, X. et al. Reduced growth responses of mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant blackgrass to allelopathic wheat are driven by underground chemical interaction. Plant Soil 448, 369–381 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04439-x

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